Hotel paper Essay

As a business entrepreneur my investments have focused into the hotel industry. One of my biggest goals is to build and open my own hotel to start my own business. I have done some research and I find myself well suited to be able to operate a franchised brand hotel. I have a well thought out strategy that will help me become successful in the lodging industry. Within this paper I will allow myself to guide you through the steps I will take to follow and accomplish this goal of mine. A franchise is a right granted to an individual or group to market a company’s goods or services within a certain territory or location. The franchisor sells the rights to the franchisee and then typically receives a fee for ongoing support, therefore having a vested interest in the success of each franchise. I chose to go the franchise way because I feel that I would have more support and profit coming in from franchising due to the fact of my lack of hotel business experience. I love to take risks but if I started from scratch in the lodging industry it would be an epic fail. Also from my search I have came across great reasons of why franchising would work for me. Some of the advantages are there is a higher likelihood of success since a proven business formula is in place. The products, services, and business operations have already been established. Bankers usually look at successful franchise chains as having a lower risk of repayment default and are more likely to loan money based on that premise. The corporate image and brand awareness is already recognized. Consumers are generally more comfortable purchasing items they are familiar with and working with companies they know and trust. Franchise companies usually provide extensive training and support to their franchisees in effort to help them succeed. Many times products and services are advertised at a local and national level by the main franchise companies. This practice helps boost sales for all franchisees, but individual franchisees don’t absorb the cost. (businessmart.com,2012) As I came across of many franchise hotels I have decided to go with Country Inn and Suites. From the franchise opportunities they give to their well-established business I think it would be a great opportunity for me. Country Inns & Suites by Carlson’s brand beyond 500-plus locations -including adding more to their nearly 30 international locations on the map. Their marketing logos and techniques have inspired me to open up one their franchise locations where I feel business will come blooming. Country Inns & Suites by Carlson is a leading mid-market brand known for providing a caring, consistent and comfortable hospitality experience delivered with a touch of home. The brand currently operates 483 hotels throughout the world and has 43 properties currently contracted and under development. This homegrown brand will expand by an additional 250 hotels globally by 2015 primarily in the U.S., Canada, India and Mexico. (Carlson Rezidor hotel group, 2012) From my research I’ve done the Carlson hotels give great opportunities to business people who want to franchise and assist them with building their business up. From the way they have expanded since 2012 until now gives me an opportunity to grow within the brand. And from my learning’s they are continuing to grow as a big nation so why not join and help build a future within the franchise. I find franchising with them a benefit because they are also successful with other hotel brands they also market the Radisson Hotels, Park Plaza, and Missoni Hotels. Like I’ve stated before they are a midsized hotel brand and I feel that I would be able to handle this type of environment than jumping into a bigger sized hotel franchise. What markets the Country Inn and Suites: Country Inns & Suites By CarlsonSM treats guests like family. It’s a brand approach that resonates with our audiences, making us one of the fastest growing hospitality brands in the world. We believe that by managing our business in a responsible manner, we build trust, build relationships and achieve great hospitality. And when we operate in a way that is respectful of human rights, socially equitable and environmentally sustainable, we can better meet our social and economic responsibilities. Their responsible business strategy includes taking responsibility for diversity, inclusion, and the health and safety of our employees and guests; showing leadership in social and ethical responsibility issues in the company as well as in the community; and reducing our negative impact on the environment. (Carlson website, 2012)Having this kind of mentality in a business brings great success and satisfaction. Although they have been a successful lodging business they have had their down falls from the beginning. My business will hold around 110 rooms giving a wide variety of rooms for guest to come in. The design and interior dà ©cor is based off the eligible choices the franchise brand offers. From the marketing to the building the franchise offers new business franchisee opportunities to help them build a secure business while using their label. At my hotel management I would like for my management team to always work as a team and always be cordial with the guest. My hotel will have also a housekeeping department such as a marketing department and management department. As I build my hotel I am highly securing the hotel by placing securities systems and adding set rules for after hours for our guest security. To keep the hotel secure I would integrate both technological security and security staff on site, also fire safety security and alarms for local services when needed. My target market would be based on middle and upper class target market because the way the hotel is set up gives the middle class and upper market a feel like they are at home although this doesn’t mean I am not open to advertising to get any type of business. I believe that having an open business that directs to all ages will bring in more guests and they will leave satisfied. Our beautiful amenities have something for everyone in the family to enjoy. Some of my marketing strategies are revenue management, simple advertising such as (internet, radio, and television). Also for great marketing techniques I believe in allowing the guest to give feedback on our staff and location to allow us to update and change things if we have to. One important marketing strategy is to keep marketing deals for guests who have to budget their vacations and stay with us instead of other hotels. Also by having a strong marketing team who just focuses on marketing the hotel will keep the business flowing. I would hire potential candidates for this department because I find it to be the heart of the hotel. Marketing would be a very important area for the beginning of my hotel. The marketing team has to strategize to know how to target all ranges of market by showing off the image and location of the hotel because it is important for guest to feel that they are at a safe location and environment. One main key point is that the customer tends to make decisions on buying a product or a service based on their perception of the value and satisfaction that the product or service delivers. From the company’s point of view the goal of marketing is to first build and then manage profitable customer relationships. As part of my marketing technique I have also thought about having a SWOT analysis made for my business to have an idea on where I am putting myself at in the business. As the years have gone by the brand Country Inn became more of a competition out in the market world. They have changed up the style and input many more things as part of their services that have made them a stronger brand. As for competition I know that there are many more hotels with higher standings and bookings that this franchise and would be a 50/50 chance in making it. A lot of other competitors seek the same target market and sales that I would but I am highly secure the team and hotel I build will be successful. Some of the hotels targeting the same target market are Four Seasons Hotels, Hilton, and Radisson Hotels. Some of the strengths are Top notch service and excellent customer service, Globally in over 75 countries, Goodwill from Employees and customers, they offer really go deals and promotional offers hence attracting more customers, Parent group adds to brand value and, High Brand Recall. Their weaknesses are The brand name comes with a perception of being expensive, Current economic status is bound to take a toll on spending power and, Still trying to establish itself in the emerging economies. Throughout this research I have come across many different types of competition sources. The variety of the amenities they offer is part of the competition also the service they offer and the guest satisfaction rating is important. The way they are dedicated to keeping their business they are dedicated to their design and comfy look. Product & Services: Exterior Color Palette Be Our Guest Service Exterior Signage Key Cards & Jackets Do Not Disturb Signs The Living Room Brand Flag Country Bed Guest Service The Servery Country Bath Free High-Speed Internet Breakfast Room Read It & Return Notepads & Pens Iconic Fireplace Employee Uniforms Business Cards Flat-Screen TVs Swimming PoolB Bath Amenity Program Sales Kit Folders Fitness Center Business Center The Veranda Standard Interior Design Package Wide open spaces, unique destinations, comforts of home, distinctive design, amenities and welcoming hospitality make Country Inns & Suites one of the most successful midscale brands in the world and one of the most attractive business opportunities in the hotel industry. At Country Inns & Suites, our approach to providing the best service in their segment is a little different than what you would typically expect. The amenities they over are great, simple and enjoyable to everyone and anyone. Guest is a service philosophy that encourages employees to serve guests with the same kind and caring spirit given to friends when they’re being hosted at home. The brand’s employee training program has generated tremendous employee engagement scores and high overall guest satisfaction. The service they offer makes you feel that you are welcomed and at home safely. I myself has experienced a stay at this brand hotel I loved it. From the guest service they offered to the design of the guest room was great. Country Inns & Suites features traditional architecture and a transitional, residential interior design with the brand’s signature, plank lobby flooring and welcoming fireplace. Each hotel offers free high-speed Internet access, a fitness center, a business center and attractive, comfortable furnishings that blend rich woods and natural earth tones. Additional distinctive amenities include: Be Our Guest Breakfast a newly expanded complimentary breakfast buffet that features hot and fresh options such as waffles, build-your-own breakfast burritos and omelets. And it’s now served on classic dining ware instead of disposable dishes. For those on the run, a new grab-and-go bar allows guests to pick up a hot beverage along with fruit and a granola bar as they head out the door. In conclusion this is a broad plan that I would follow to succeed in the industry when building my own hotel. Like I previously stated I would receive more help within the brand itself to know more in depth of how to follow the right steps to build up the business. Within the first five years I plan on turning profit by keeping up my marketing team on task to build a secure clientele and also being aware of what the guest are asking for to keep them satisfied. For a hotel I believe that keeping the guest happy and secure is a great motivation to keep a business flowing although some guest aren’t always right majority of business comes from people who pay for what they deserve without hesitation. Resources: http://www.franchiseexpo.com/franchises/country-inns-suites-by-carlson#sthash.nGoiQkry.dpuf http://franchises.businessmart.com/advantages-disadvantages-of-owning-a-franchise.php http://www.carlson.com/opportunities/country-inns-and-suites.do http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swot.asp http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/swot_analysis.html http://www.countryinns.com/?se.bng.cis_cmp37=

Foam Cutter

Chapter I The Problem – Its BackgroundOur environment today is experiencing a lot of superfluous phenomena like floods, earthquakes and other incidents and pollution is the root of all of these incidents. Serving the environment would be a big help to Mother Earth. The researchers decided to make junk into a new and useful thing that may be used by students and that may be a progress in our economy. Plastic is one of our society’s main problems for it is hard to decompose; it takes years to decompose a single plastic bag.Plastics are one of the reasons why we experience flood for the reason that they block the water that passes the inland waterway that makes the water level go up rather making it go down. Plastic can be useful but it is also harmful to our environment. Using plastics correctly would be a great help. The principle is quite simple; there is a strong electric current in a thin resistive wire. The wire under the effect of current and heat cut easily and cle anly Styrofoam, much better than with a knife or a cutter, particularly for large pieces.Styrofoam is also a plastic and it is a light, expanded polystyrene plastic. Styrofoam is a very versatile material used in many hobby applications ranging from remote-control airplanes to home remodeling. Like other plastics it takes years to decompose Styrofoam, a reason why we should use it efficiently and correctly. Styrofoam is an important part of the modern economy. It's a very versatile product, used for cups, plates, and even some interior decorating items. Another very popular use is that of packing material. Packing Styrofoam comes in either loose form, or as â€Å"peanuts. As consumers, we use this product every day. However, it has many other uses besides those for household decorating or shipping. Styrofoam has a very low melting temperature that is why the researchers decided to melt the Styrofoam rather than cutting it. It can also be used to cut plastic or synthetic foam.A guit ar string has a number of frequencies at which it will naturally vibrate. These natural frequencies are known as the harmonics of the guitar string. Guitar string can be made of Bronze Wound the most common guitar string, the Phosphor Bronze Wound is a bronze string with phosphor added to he alloy, Silk & Steel  is a special design string where the unwrapped strings are plain steel and the wrapped strings have a thin steel core surrounded by many nylon filaments and then wrapped with silver plated brass windings, Nickel Plated  a string consists of nickel plated steel wraps around a steel core, Pure Nickel  a string consists of nickel wraps around a steel core. Due to the pure nickel content and Stainless Steel  is defined as a  steel  alloy  with a minimum of 10. 5  or 11%  chromium  content by mass.The researchers decided to make a research/experiment that would help the environment by maximizing the use of their resources and by making recycled materials u seful. Another reason why the researchers chose this experiment was so that they may help provide new business opportunities in the industry of Styrofoam carving/modeling. Statement of the Problem The researchers aimed to study if it is possible to make Styrofoam cutter made of guitar sting and other recycled materials. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:1. What are the materials that can be used in making a Styrofoam cutter?2.Does the product function properly?3. How will the finished product made or guitar string and other recyclable materials be effective in terms of being a Styrofoam cutter :3. 1 Quality and  effectiveness4. What would be the advantages and disadvantages of the product over the other cutting materials?5. How could this product make a change in the society?Statement of Hypotheses Sub – Problems| Null hypotheses| Alternative hypotheses1. Would the materials be eco friendly?1. The materials that are needed are harmful to our e nvironment.1. The materials needed are recyclable materials and Eco friendly.2. Would the experiment be functional?2. It would not bring any help and it would be just a waste of time.2. The experiment would serve it’s propose why it is done.3. Would the researcher accomplish the experiment?3. It won’t work for the researcher lacks experience and knowledge.3. The experiment will work for the researchers persevere a lot and guidance of the researchers reviews.4. Would the researcher meet all the needed requirements? |4. It would be hard for the researchers to find some of the materials and tools needed to make the machine.4. The researcher will make ways to continue the experiment and finish the product with a good quality.5. Would the experiment provide innovation in our technology?5. The experiment will not be an innovative one.5. The experiment will provide a new technological development.6. Would the experiment be a successful one?6. The researchers would fail in the ir experiment for the product would not work.6. The researchers would succeed in creating their product as a useful material for cutting Styrofoam.Scope and LimitationThis study is limited in making an effective Styrofoam cutter made of guitar and other recycled materials that can be found at home. Guitar string will be the main material used in making the Styrofoam cutter. This study must be conducted within ten (10) months period. This study is limited on how far the researcher can go. This study aimed to provide a new innovation in the industry of Styrofoam carving. This study would look for ways to make waste into a useful object that will be a help in improving our quality of life, which can help in making life easier and in making things go faster.It is an innovation, an improvement and the researchers chose this topic to help improve life and not to make people lazy. It is just on how the users utilize the machine. Significance of the Study This study aimed to produce a Styro foam cutter made of guitar strings and other recycled materials. This study would provide a great innovation in the industry of Styrofoam craving. It would help in cutting, craving and shaping Styrofoam in a faster and easier way. It can also help in preventing too much waste from carving Styrofoam for this machine can cut Styrofoam efficiently.This study would provide another development in our municipality for it can help in providing employment for housewives or skilled craftsmen for extra income, for this machine could be done at home and with recycled materials. This machine can create simple craft that can be traded to other country. That can promote our economy and our country.Definition of Terms1. Carving  foam – is a foam product which is designed to be worked by carving. A wide variety of foams can be used for  carving, including urethane foam, expended polystyrene foam and polyusocyanurate foam.2. Conductor –  is a material which contains movable  el ectric charges. In metallic  conductors such as  copper  or  aluminum, the movable charged particles are  electrons.3. Decomposition  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is the process by which organic material is broken down into simpler forms of matter. The process is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies physical space in the  biome. The science which studies decomposition is generally referred to as  taphonomy  from the  Greek  word  taphos, meaning tomb.4. Dimmers – devices used to vary the brightness of a  light. By decreasing or increasing the  RMS  voltage. Although variable-voltage devices are used for various purposes, the term dimmer is generally reserved for those intended to control  resistive  incandescent,  halogen  and more recently  compact fluorescent  lighting.5. Environmentally friendly  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is also known as   eco-friendly,  nature friendly, and  green are terms used to refer to  goods and services,  laws, guidelines and policies claimed to inflict minimal or no harm on the  environment.6. Fuse  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a type of low resistance  resistor  that acts as a sacrificial  to provide  over current protection, of either the load or source circuit. It’s essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows, which interrupts the  circuit  in which it is connected.7. Guitar  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a plucked string instrument usually played with fingers or a  pick. The guitar consists of a body with a rigid neck to which the strings, generally six in number, are attached. Guitars are traditionally constructed of various woods and strung with animal gut or, more recently, with either nylon or steel strings. Some modern guitars are made of  polycarbonate  materials.8. Heat transfer –  is a discipline of  thermal engineering  that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of  thermal energy  and  heat  between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as  heat conduction,  convection,  thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.9. Hotwire foam cutter – is a tool used to cut  polystyrene  foam and similar materials. The device consists of a thin, taut metal wire, often made of  nichrome  or  stainless steel, or a thicker wire preformed into a desired shape, which is heated via  electrical resistance  to approximately 200 °C. As the wire is passed through the material to be cut, the heat from the wire vaporizes the material just in advance of contact.10. Lead – an electrical connection consisting of a length of  wire  or soldering pad that comes from a device. Leads are used for physical support, to transfer power, to probe  circuits, and to transmit information.11. Plastic – are typically  organic  polymers  of high  molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually sy nthetic, most commonly derived from  petrochemicals, but many are partially natural. Plastic materials are any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic  organic  solids that are moldable.12. Polystyrene – also known as Thermocole. It is an  aromatic  polymer  made from the  monomer  styrene, a liquid  hydrocarbon  that is manufactured from  petroleum  by the  chemical industry. It is also a thermoplastic substance, which is in solid state at room temperature, but flows if heated above its  glass transition temperature  of about 100  °C, and becomes solid again when cooled. Pure solid polystyrene is a colorless, hard plastic with limited flexibility. It can be cast into molds with fine detail.13. String  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is the  vibrating element  that produces sound in  string instruments, such as the  guitar,  harp,  piano, and members of the  violin family. Strings are lengths of a flexible material kept under  tension  so t hat they may vibrate freely, but controllably.14. Styrofoam  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a trademark of  The Dow Chemical Company  for closed-cell  extruded polystyrene foam  currently made for  thermal insulation  and craft applications. In 1941, researchers in Dow's Chemical Physics Lab found a way to make foamed polystyrene. Led by  Ray McIntire, they â€Å"rediscovered† a method first discovered by Swedish  inventor  Carl Georg Munters. Dow acquired exclusive rights to use Munters' patents and found ways to make large quantities of extruded polystyrene as closed cell foam that resists moisture.15. Switch –  is an  electrical component  that can break an  electrical circuit, interrupting the  current  or diverting it from one conductor to another.16. Temperature – is a  physical property  of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot  and  cold.17. Transformer  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a device that transfers  electrical energy  from one  circuit  to another through  inductively coupled  conductors—the transformer's coils.18. Vinyl Polymer –  are a group of  polymers  derived from  vinyl  monomers. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain, made by polymerizing an alkenes  group (C=C) into a chain (.. -C-C-C-C-.. )19. Voltage – the difference in  electric potential  between two points — or the difference in  electric potential energy  per unit  charge  between two points. A voltage may represent either a source of energy, or it may represent lost or stored energy.20. Wire  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is a single, usually  cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires are used to bear mechanical  loads  and to carry  electricity  and  telecommunications signals.Wire is commonly formed by  drawing  the metal through a hole in a  die  or  draw plate.Chapter II Review of Related Literature and StudiesIn Chapter I, the researchers were tryi ng to find the problem, looking for more sources about it and trying to find ways to solve the stated problem. In this Chapter, the researchers find sources for their research. The researchers found some related information about hot wires or Styrofoam cutters that will be their guide for the research. Foreign There are many ways of cutting Styrofoam and the researcher has chosen use guitar string or hotwires.Hotwire cutters can be used in cutting any hard plastic or Vinyl polymer and it also has many uses for it is not just for cutting but also for shaping, molding, craving and even for commercial uses. And according to a website hot wire cutter are defined as: Hot wire cutters are used for cutting polystyrene foam types of Styrofoam, or upholstery foam into a variety of shapes and sizes for a wide variety of commercial and happy application. Hotwire foam cutters are usually made of metals. Metals are known for being a good conductor of heat and electricity and that is why it can b e a good aterial to be used in making a hot wire foam cutter. Hot-wire foam cutter  is a tool used to cut  polystyrene  foam and similar materials. The device consists of a thin, taut metal wire, often made of  nichrome  or  stainless steel, or a thicker wire preformed into a desired shape, which is heated via  electrical resistance  to approximately 200 °C. As the wire is passed through the material to be cut, the heat from the wire vaporizes the material just in advance of contact. The researchers chose guitar string as the main substance in creating a foam cutter made out of recycled materials.A usual guitar string is made of steel which makes it a heat conducting metal; a factor why the researchers chose it for it fits to be the special wire in this apparatus. Moreover, guitar strings are also cheap; resource oriented, and can be found at home. These are the reasons why the researchers picked steel guitar string as the special wire. Metals are much better therm al conductors than non-metals because the same mobile electrons which participate in the electrical conduction also take part in the transfer of heat.Hot wire cutters can create a simple Styrofoam in different useful crafts. It can make cash out of junks. It is used by different professionals like Architects, artists, designers, and many more. It can also provide occupation or source of income. It can promote our country’s economy. Local Our countrymen are well known as skilled craftsmen and very creative people; as the saying goes, Filipinos can make junk as useful things. So, the researchers decided to help our countrymen by creating a Styrofoam cutter made of recycled materials.It can lessen the waste in carving Styrofoam. Styrofoam is made of plastic that can damage our environment; a reason why some organizations recommended to stop using Styrofoam for commercial uses. It is said that Styrofoam is just an additional waste problem for our country. It was said in a new art icle: It shouldn’t take much convincing to Say NO to Styrofoam, but there’s so much of it! We are almost as addicted to Styrofoam as we are to oil. And majority of the Styrofoam made ends up in the landfill.The answer to this problem is the proper usage of Styrofoam and having the ight equipment in cutting Styrofoam to lessen the waste or mistakes that can be done. Lastly, caring and having full responsibility of our environment. Man draws almost endless benefits from great gifts of technology like styrene. What it calls for in return is simple: proper use and responsible disposal. With the current waste segregation scheme implemented by the local government, it falls to consumers to play their part in ensuring that their various garbage, particularly polystyrene and plastic, are segregated and undergo the proper recycling process, acquiring yet a whole new range of useful by-products.Review of Related Studies Foreign A flexible automated foam cutting system M. Jouaneh , A. Hammad  and P. Datseris Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U. S. A. Abstract: Direct cutting of foam has the advantage of greater flexibility and reduced lead time over molding. This paper discusses the design and development of a flexible automated system for foam cutting that utilizes hot-wire cutters. The cutters are moved through the use of a five-axis gantry-type robot system equipped with a tool turret.A method for modeling the cut geometry, based on representing the three-dimensional cut shape as a combination of basic geometrical block shapes, is presented. This method gives the system flexibility to handle different work piece geometries. A technique for generating the required cutting paths from the modeled geometry is also shown. The developed methodology was applied for the cutting of automotive seat cushions. The results show that the automated system significantly reduces the cutting time and produces cuts of im proved quality. ttp://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0890695596000223 Plastic Foam Cutting Mechanics for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing Purposes by: Hadley Brooks Abstract: Development of foam cutting machines for rapid prototyping and manufacturing purposes began shortly after the first additive manufacturing machines became commercialized in the late 1980s. Increased computer power, the development and adoption of CAD/CAM software and rising demand for customization has caused the rapid prototyping industry to grow swiftly in recent decades.While conventional rapid prototyping technologies are continuing to improve in speed and accuracy the ability to produce large (> 1mA? ) prototypes, moulds or parts it is still expensive, time consuming and often impossible. Foam cutting rapid prototyping and manufacturing machines are ideally suited to fulfill this niche because of their high speed, large working volumes and inexpensive working materials. Few foam cutting rapid prototyping machines have been commercialized to-date leaving significant opportunities for research and development in this area.Thermal plastic foam cutting is the material removal process most commonly used in foam cutting rapid prototyping to shape or sculpt the plastic foam into desired shapes and sizes. The process is achieved by introducing a heat source (generally a wire or ribbon) which alters the physical properties of the plastic foam and allows low cutting forces to be achieved. In thermal plastic foam cutting the heat source is generated via Joule (electrical) heating. This study investigates the plastic foam cutting process using experimental cutting trials and finite element analysis.The first part of this thesis presents an introduction to conventional foam cutting machines and rapid prototyping machines. It is suggested that a market opportunity lies out of reach of both of these groups of machines. By combining attributes from each, foam cutting rapid protot yping machines can be developed to fill the gap. The second part of this thesis introduces the state-of-the-art in foam cutting rapid prototyping and investigates previous research into plastic foam cutting mechanics. The third part of this thesis describes cutting trials used to determine important factors which influence plastic foam cutting.Collectively over 800 individual cutting tests were made. The cutting trials included two main material sets, expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene, three different wire diameters, two hot-ribbon configurations and a wide range of feed rates and power inputs. For each cut the cutting force, wire temperature and kerfs width was measured as well as observations of the surface texture. The data was then analyzed and empirical relationships were identified. An excel spreadsheet is established which allows the calculation of important outcomes, such as kerf width, based on chosen inputs.Quantitative measurements of the surface roughness and form, of cuts made with hot-tools, will not be addressed in this thesis. This body of work is currently under investigation by a colleague within the FAST group. The fourth part of this thesis describes the formation of a nonlinear transient two-dimensional heat transfer finite element model, which is developed for plastic foam cutting simulations. The conclusion is that the cutting trials contributed to a better understanding of plastic foam cutting mechanics.A new parameter was identified called the mass specific effective heat input, which is a function of the foam material and the cutting tool, it allows the prediction of cutting conditions with given cutting parameters and hence provides the necessary relationships needed for adaptive automated foam sculpting. Simulation results were validated by comparison with experimental data and provide a strong base for further developments including optimization processes with adaptive control for kerf width (cut error) minimization.Thi s study has added considerably to the pool of knowledge for foam cutting with a hot-tool. In general, much of the work reported herein has not been previously published. This work provides the most advanced study of foam sculpting work available to date. http://ir. canterbury. ac. nz/bitstream/10092/4291/3/Thesis_fulltext. pdf. txt Cutting apparatus for plastic foam solids or the like Abstract: A cutting apparatus for plastic foam solids or the like which comprises a cutting wire system having a plurality of cutting wires attached ubstantially perpendicularly between two substantially parallel supporting rods spaced from each other so that a piece of plastic foam solid to be cut can be passed through the cutting wires between the supporting rods, and an oscillating drive engaged with the supporting rods so as to oscillate rotatably the supporting rods in opposing rotational directions and therefore to oscillate the wires to and fro lengthwise. The cutting wires are spaced from each other in either of two cutting wire positions lengthwise along the supporting rods.The cutting wires are attached eccentrically to the outer periphery of the supporting rods, each of the cutting wires which are each in a different one of the cutting wire positions lying in planes parallel to the supporting rods and each of the cutting wires in the same cutting wire position lying in the same plane. Each of the cutting wires in the different cutting wire positions is guided to and attached to opposite outer peripheral sides of each of the supporting rods so that the planes formed by the cutting wires of each of the different cutting wire positions cross each other at an acute angle.Preferably the cutting wires are heat able electrically and attached to the supporting rods by way of coil springs. http://www. patentstorm. us/patents/4608893. html A study on the influence of the sloped cutting angle on kerfwidth and part quality in the hotwire cutting of EPS foam for the VLM-Srapid prot otyping process Abstract: The VLM-S rapid prototyping process employs hotwire cutting of an EPS foam sheet using a four-axis synchronized automatic hotwire cutter. The dimensional accuracy and the quality of the cut part are highly dependent on cutting parameters such as effective heat input, and cutting angle, etc.The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of cutting angle on the kerfs width and the part quality in hotwire cutting of EPS foam for the case of the sloped cutting including single-sloped cutting with one cutting angle and generally sloped cutting with two cutting angles. Experiments are carried out to obtain the relationship between kerfwidth and effective heat input for each cutting angle, and to find the relationship between the melted area and the cutting angle for each effective heat input.In order to investigate the influence of cutting angle on temperature distribution in EPS foam, transient heat transfer analysis using the sloped heat flux model and the conformed mesh structure is carried out. Through comparison of the results of the experiment and the transient heat transfer analysis, it has been shown that the sloped heat flux with an elliptical cross-section and the conformed mesh structure are needed to estimate the three-dimensional temperature distribution in the EPS foam in the sloped hotwire cutting. http://www. ciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0890695503001706 Polymer–cement composite based on recycled expanded polystyrene foam waste Abstract: A new polymer–cement composite based on a recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) resin has been developed as an effective method for EPS foam wastes management. The liquefied polymer is prepared by dissolving the foam waste in acetone, then in toluene at the ratio 113:2:1 per volume, respectively. The composite is made by incorporating the resulting resin into cement-paste at selected water: cement ratios.At the end of defined curing periods, the physical, m echanical, and thermal characterizations of the obtained composite were evaluated under variable factors e. g. , Acetone: toluene ratio, water: cement ratio (w/c), curing periods. Compressive strength, apparent porosity, bulk density, and specific gravity were determined for the composite under the various stated conditions. FT-IR, XRD, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed for the hard blocks to study the effect of the added recycled EPS resin on the microstructure of the end products.Based on the data so far obtained it can be concluded that the candidate dissolution process of EPS foam wastes is an easily environmental friendly technique that allows afterward using the resultant resin for producing an added value, low cost, promising market competitive, and multipurpose light weight cement composite. http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/pc. 21171/abstract Short-hot-wire method for the measurement of total hemispherical emissivity of a fi ne fibre Seiji Fujiwara, Xing Zhang, Motoo Fujii Received 20 December 1999 Abstract:A new short-hot-wire method for the measurement of total hemispherical emissivity of a fine fibre is proposed. This method uses two short hot wires and is based on the analytical solution of one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction along the hot wires and fibre. Two hot wires are arranged parallel to each other. Both the hot wires are supplied with a constant direct current to generate heat and maintain the same average temperature. A test fibre bridges the wires and its ends are attached to the centre position of each hot wire to form an H-type probe.By the use of this two hot wires technique, the total heat transmitted from the hot wires to the fibre is completely radiated from the fibre to the surroundings under vacuum conditions. Therefore, the average temperature rise of the hot wire depends on the emissivity of a fibre. The steady-state heat conduction for the H-type probe is analytically s olved to obtain the accurate relationship between the temperature rise of the hot wires and the fibre emissivity. Based on this relationship, the emissivity of the fibre can be estimated when the average temperature and the heat rate of the hot wires with known thermal properties are measured.The theoretical analysis has confirmed that the present method can obtain emissivity in the range of 0. 1 – 1. 0 within an error of  ±1% for the fibre with its diameter around 10 ? m. http://www. perceptionweb. com/abstract. cgi? id=htwu375 Synthesis: Styrofoam is of the most used polymer product. It is often used in architecture, carving and alike. There are many ways to cut Styrofoam, like using blades or cutter, also by the help of laser and also by using hot wires. There are many ways to create a Styrofoam cutter or better known as hot wire. And it is also sold in the market.A hot wire is not only for Styrofoam but it can also use for cutting plastics and other polymer substance. F or heat can divide polymer materials better than blades. Heating metals/wires can create a physical or chemical change to an object or it can also make a new product. While the electricity that would run in the wire would be the source of heat of the heated wire. Hot wire is a process of heating metals or wire in order to burn or cut an object. Using hot wire as an instrument of cutting may be complex but faster and more accurate than using blades.Styrofoam is a polymer product that takes time to decay. It is said in that the ratio of toluene is 113:2:1 per volume. It takes time of a small piece of Styrofoam to decay, a reason that Styrofoam should be used properly and should not be wasted. Styrofoam is one of pollutant that affects our environment a lot. Local Hot-wire parallel technique: A new method for simultaneous determination of thermal properties of polymers Abstract: The hot-wire parallel technique standardized for determining the thermal conductivity of ceramic materials w as employed in the determination of the thermal properties of polymers.For these materials, additional care must be taken considering the low melting point of polymers, when compared with that for ceramic materials. Samples can be prepared either in the shape of bricks or in the shape of half-cylinders. The thermal conductivity and the specific heat were simultaneously determined from the same experimental thermal transient, and the thermal diffusivity is derived from these properties. Five different polymers with different structures at room temperature were selected, and measurements were carried out from room temperature to approximately the maximum service operating temperature.A nonlinear least-squares fitting method was employed in the calculations, so that all the experimental points obtained are considered in the thermal properties' calculations. The apparatus used in this work is fully automatic. The reproducibility is very good with respect to the thermal conductivity, eve n with a defective experimental arrangement with respect to the theoretical model. However, deviations from the theoretical model have a severe influence on the specific heat values and, consequently, on the thermal diffusivity.Experimental results were compared with those available in the literature, showing the applicability of this technique for the determination of thermal properties of polymers.  © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1779–1786, 2002 http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/app. 10681/abstract Abstract: The hot-wire calibration method as proposed by Cimbala and Park (1990) has been showen to be accurate within a temperature range of 20–45 °C. This is a significant extension of the range used by Cimbala and Park (27. 5– 34. 5 °C). The accuracy of the calibration is not affected by the ambient temperature.The calibration curve obtained seems to hold over a long period of time, thus reducing the need for frequent calibr ations. Due to contamination the accuracy eventually decreases and the probe has to be re-calibrated. http://www. springerlink. com/content/r774213w086k2572/ Paper, Rice Hull and Polystyrene Foam Blocks John Gil E. Jimena, Jonathan Lloyd N. Lunsayan, Franco C. Flores Abstract: Nowadays, people in the construction industry here in the Philippines and abroad can always attest to the rising prices of the construction commodities in the market, not to mention the equally increasing cost of labor.This economic scenario is indeed an offshoot of the worsening global crisis that both highly developed and developing countries are experiencing. http://ejournals. ph/index. php? journal=CUEJ Synthesis: Styrofoam as we know can affect our environment. We cannot just let our environment ruined by these styrofoam,m the styrofoam cutter decreases the damage in our environment, the right temperature should be followed because if the wire is not that hot, it cannot cut styrofoam. Safety measure shoul d always be guided when doing the experiment.Hot-wire can cut easily because it has more heat produces than the other. It will be seen because of the styrofoam, sometimes if the styrofoam does not cut then the wires are not that hot to cut a styrofoam. Observe proper room temperature when doing the experiment is needed. Hot wires used when it needs to cut a certain material. Chapter III Methods of Research and Procedures In the previous chapters the researchers had gathered data for the experimentation that the researchers are about to conduct. The researchers looked for references for the experimentation.And in this chapter the researchers are going to conduct the experiment. It is putting all the researcher’s ideas and collected information into application. Method of the Study In this research the researchers used experimental research for them to obtain the target output. Experimental Research is used to identify the dependent and independent variable and to know itâ€⠄¢s relationship to each other, to see the result of the study if it will succeed or not and to test the hypotheses which is used for basis of investigation.Also in this chapter, it involves the creation or invention of products and also, the creation of new ideas that may help the people who would encounter this kind of studies for the innovation of the country for the future. This study was intended to discover the effectiveness of styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. Materials and Methods In conducting this experiment, the researchers created a homemade styrofoam cutter made of some recyclable materials and use guitar string as its main material. Since the experiment is made of recyclable materials, materials should come from junks and other old stuffs.The researchers only bought a single-pole dimmer switch from Ace Hardware. And all of the other materials came from some recycled stuffs like the guitars string number 1 from an old broken guitar, a 12 feet 16 gauge used extension cord, some old plywood came from excess ones, old or broken CD cases, an old 25 volt 2 amp transformer, an assembled length of two conductor electrical wires with a regular plug on the end, some excess metal wires shaped as rings, wooden rod and the tools needed to create the product. The materials do not need to be expensive nor classy.The materials have to be in good quality and durable so that the experiment work properly and be successful. With all the materials needed for the experiment the researchers started making the product. The researchers first made the frame of the styrofoam cutter. The researchers drew an arc on the plywood to serve as the frame of the styrofoam cutter. The frame should be stable and durable for long use. The researches put two machine screw nuts in the both end of the frame, these machine screw nuts would serve as the conductor of electricity and heat that comes from the wire.The machine screw nuts should not be small a nd not too tall for it can cause burns and other injury when touch. The next procedure was to attach the wires that carry the 25 Volts current to the cutting wire by the help of two machine screws as its terminal posts. Save the plug and outlets for future projects, if you like. Strip the insulation off the last inch of one end of one wire of the cord and insert a machine screw in the top of the right side of the frame. The next thing to do is to attach the guitar string as the hot wire. Make a loop by feeding the other end through this metal rings.Hook the loop over one terminal. The guitar string should not touch the frame and also the wires for it can burn but remember to keep it close to the nuts. And finally the researchers connected the dimmer switch and the transformer by the use of electric tapes. This will create an outlet and a wire that is connected to the guitar string. Finally the researchers enclosed the transformer in a box made of recycled materials to make the produ ct more creative, presentable and be eco-friendly. Statistical Treatment of Data The all the gathered data were subjected to the following formulas: Frequency DistributionFrequency Distribution is an arrangement of the values that one or more variables take in a  sample. It is used for identifying a specific proportion of the population. It is the number of times of occurrence of a variable. This statistical method is used by the researcher for calculating gather data. It can also show the rate percent of each value included in the set of questions. The scale is used in calculating gathered materials from the questionnaires. This is the formula being use: Wherein: P = percentage f = frequency n = number of samples Weighted MeanWeighted mean is also called as weighted average. It means finding the middle or the average where instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others. It was tallied for verbal interpret ation of data. Verbal Interpretation| Weighted Mean| Strongly Agree | 3. 31 – 4. 00| Agree | 2. 30 – 3. 30| Disagree | 1. 90 – 2. 29| Strongly Disagree| 1. 00 – 1. 89| Flowchart Chapter IV Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data The pervious chapters are all about knowing the problem to be answered.Looking for facts that may help the researchers answer the problem to be solved. In this chapter, the researchers would be analyzing, presenting and interpreting all the gathered data in this research. The questionnaires made by the researcher would provide answers for the said study. This would serve as the researchers’ medium in data gathering the researchers. This study was composed of 40 respondents selected randomly. Presentation is the practice of showing the gathered information or data and explaining the content of a topic to be discussed. It is the method used to organize and store data or information.Analysis  is the process of brea king or subdividing  complex topic  or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding and better comprehension of it. It is where data are being evaluated and examined under the critical investigation of the study. And lastly, interpretation of data is giving meaning of an act. It is putting donation on the gathered data. It is the process of explaining and elaborating all of the data gathered. Table 1 The Materials that can be Used in Making a Styrofoam Cutter Items| Frequency| Percentage| Blade/Knife| 3| 1. 92%| Wire| 29| 18. 47%| Fire| 0| 0%|Guitar string| 25| 15. 93%| Transformer| 16| 10. 19%| Dimmer| 11| 7%| Switch| 20| 12. 74%| Metal rods| 15| 9. 55%| Needle| 2| 1. 27%| Plug| 20| 12. 74%| Cable wire| 13| 8. 28%| Laser| 3| 1. 91%| Total:| 157| 100%| It can be deduced from Table 1 the materials that can be used in making a styrofoam cutter. One point ninety-two percent (1. 92%) said that blade or knife is needed in making a styrofoam cutter. While eighteen point forty-seven percent (18. 47%) said that wires are needed in making a styrofoam cutter. Nut zero percent (0%) said that fire is needed in making a styrofoam cutter.Fifteen point ninety-three percent (15. 93%) said that guitar strings are needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. Ten point nineteen percent (10. 19%) said that transformer is needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. Seven percent (7%) said that dimmer is needed in making a styrofoam cutter. Twelve point seventy-four percent (12. 74%) said that switch is needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. Nine point fifty-five (9. 55%) percent said that metal rods are needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. One point twenty-seven percent (1. 27%) said that needle is needed in making a Styrofoam cutter.Graph 1 shows the possible materials to be used in making a Styrofoam cutter. Most or majority of the respondents chose wires, guitar string, switch and plug as the materials needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. Those materials are some of the mater ials used by the researchers in making the Styrofoam cutter. Table 2 Functionality of a Styrofoam Cutter Made of Guitar String and Recycled Materials Items| Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 37| 92. 5%| No| 3| 7. 5%| Total:| 40| 100| It can be deduced from Table 2 how functional the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.It can be inferred that 37 out of 40 responds or ninety-two point five percent (92. 5%) believe that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and recycled materials is functional. While 3 out of 40 respondents or seven point five percent (7. 5%) do not believe that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and recycled materials is functional. Graph 2 shows how functional the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. Majority or most of the respondents agree that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is functional and working properly.Table 3 The Quality of the Styrofoam Cutter Ma de of Guitar String and Recycled Materials Items| SA| A| D| SD| WM| VI| 1. The product can create quality output. | 15| 22| 3| 0| 3. 3| SA| 2. The product is presentable to the eye. | 6| 28| 10| 11| 3. 45| SA| 3. The product will last long. | 7| 16| 15| 1| 2. 67| A| 4. The product proves that expense and quality could co-exist. | 10| 19| 10| 1| 2. 95| A| 5. The product needs careful handling. | 29| 11| 0| 0| 3. 72| SA| It can be deduced from Table 3 the quality of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.It can be inferred from the table that the respondents strongly agree that the product can create quality outputs with the weighted mean of 3. 3. Moreover, they also strongly agree that the product is presentable to the eye and the product needs careful handling with a computed weighted mean of 3. 45, and 3. 72 respectively. Furthermore they agree that the product will last long and proves that expense and quality could co-exist with a computed weighte d mean of 2. 67 and 2. 95 respectively. Graph 3 shows the quality of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.Majority of the respondents agreed that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is in good quality. Table 4 The Effectiveness of the Styrofoam Cutter made of Guitar String and Recycled Materials. Items| SA| A| D| SD| WM| VI| 1. The product can function effectively. | 13| 22| 4| 1| 3. 17| SA| 2. The product can cut with less waste. | 10| 18| 12| 0| 2. 95| A| 3. The product can do better than man power. | 9| 20| 8| 2| 2. 85| A| 4. The product can cut better than blades. | 9| 26| 4| 1| 3. 07| SA| 5. The product does not create the shapes that are complex. | 9| 21| 8| 2| 2. 2| A| It can be deduced from Table 4 the effectiveness of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. It can be inferred from the table that the respondents strongly agree that the product can function effectively with the weighted mean of 3. 17. Moreover, they also strongly agree that the product can cut well than blades with a computed weighted mean of 3. 07. Furthermore they agree that the product can cut with less waste, can do better than man power and can create the shapes that are complex with a computed weighted mean of 2. 95, 2. 85 and 2. 92 respectively.Graph 4 shows the effectiveness of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. Majority of the respondents agreed that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is effective in cutting Styrofoam. Table 5 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Styrofoam Cutter Made of Guitar String and Other Recycled Materials Items| SA| A| D| SD| WM| VI| 1. The product can be used significantly. | 9| 26| 4| 1| 3. 07| SA| 2. It is expensive. | 7| 14| 13| 6| 2. 55| A| 3. The product can easily cut Styrofoam. | 11| 23| 4| 2| 3. 07| SA| 4. It makes work faster. | 9| 21| 10| 0| 2. 7| A| 5. It is ec o-friendly for it is recycled. | 10| 25| 2| 3| 3. 05| SA| 6. It can easily be used without the help of manuals. | 10| 22| 7| 1| 3. 02| SA| 7. It gives hard time cutting small pieces of Styrofoam. | 8| 18| 10| 4| 2. 75| A| 8. It takes a lot of time heating the wire. | 10| 22| 8| 0| 3. 05| SA| 9. The product is capable of accurate cutting of Styrofoam. | 9| 27| 3| 1| 3. 1| SA| 10. It helps in creating less waste in cutting Styrofoam. | 15| 21| 2| 2| 3. 22| SA| It can be deduced from Table 5 the advantages and disadvantages of using Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.It can be inferred from the table above that the respondents strongly agree that the product can be used significantly with the computed weighted mean of 3. 07. Moreover, they also strongly agree that the product can easily cut Styrofoam, eco-friendly for it is a recycled one, can easily be used without the help of manuals, takes a lot of time heating the wire, capable of accurate cutting o f Styrofoam and helps in creating less waste in cutting Styrofoam with the computed weighted mean of 3. 07, 3. 05, 3. 02, 3. 05, 3. 1 and 3. 22 respectively.Furthermore, they agree that the product is expensive, makes work faster and gives hard time cutting small pieces of Styrofoam with the computed weighted mean of 2. 55, 2. 97 and 2. 75 respectively. Graph 5 shows the advantages and disadvantages of using Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. The respondents showed that the product has disadvantages and advantages when it comes to its function and effectiveness. It is also showed that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials has more advantages than disadvantages. Table 6The Possible Changes in the Society with the Use of Styrofoam Cutter Made of Guitar String and Other Recycled Materials Items| SA| A| D| SD| WM| VI| 1. It would be a big change in our craftsmen. | 8| 24| 7| 1| 2. 97| A| 2. It can lift our exports of St yrofoam crafts. | 5| 27| 7| 1| 2. 9| A| 3. It can replace men in their works. | 8| 15| 15| 2| 2. 72| A| 4. It could cause economic growth. | 12| 20| 8| 0| 3. 1| SA| 5. It can be made at home. | 15| 22| 2| 1| 3. 27| SA| It can be deduced from Table 6 the possible changes in the society with the use of Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.It can be inferred from the table that the respondents agree that the product would be a big change in our craftsmen with the computed weighted mean of 2. 97. Moreover, they also agree that the product can lift our export of Styrofoam crafts and the product can replace men in their works with a computed weighted mean of 2. 9 and 2. 72 respectively. Furthermore, they strongly agree that the product could cause economic growth and that the product can be made at home with a computer weighted mean of 3. 1 and 3. 27 respectively.Graph 6 shows the possible changes in the society with the use of the Styrofoam cutter made of g uitar string and other recycled materials. Majority of the respondents strongly agree that the product can possibly change the society. Chapter V Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation In this chapter, Chapter 5 the result of all the gathered data would be discussed. This chapter contains the summary, the conclusion and the recommendation for the future researchers and for the readers. This chapter is based from the gathered information from the analysis and interpretation of data and also from the previous chapters. Summary of the FindingThis study focused on the Effectiveness of Styrofoam Cutter Made of Guitar String and Other Recycled Materials. The investigative method was implemented in order to determine relevant and up to date study. In this study forty respondents which came from random High School students of Cavite School of Life – Bacoor Campus, were chosen to partake in this study through expedience sampling technique. After demonstrating the product, questionnaires were handed over to the respondents for data gathering for the study. Based on the gathered data from the selected respondents the following are found relevant in the study:What are the materials that can be used in making a Styrofoam cutter? According to the data gathered from the respondents and presented in table 1 and graph 1 that wire with 18. 47%, guitar string 15. 93%, switch with 12. 74% and plug with 12. 74% are some of the common materials used and needed in making an effective Styrofoam cutter. And according to the respondents that fire, blade/knife, needle and laser are some materials not needed in making a Styrofoam cutter.  Does the product function properly? According to the data gathered from the respondents and presented in table 2 and graph 2 that 92. % of the respondents said that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is functioning well and it does not malfunction. While 7. 5% of the respondents said that the product does not f unction well or did not pass their standard when it comes to being functional.How will the finished product made of guitar string and other recyclable materials be effective in terms: a. Quality; and According to the gathered information presented in table 3 and graph 3 that the product can create outputs that are creative and in good quality.The product was also presentable to the eye and it does not look like trash. The product seems to be durable and can last long. The negative thing about the product was it needs to be handled with care and it also proves that expense and quality can co-exist. b. effectiveness? According to the gathered information presented in table 4 and graph 4 the product can function efficiently and can cut well than blades. The product can also cut with less waste and it could also do better than output made by man. The negative thing about the product is it cannot create the shapes that are complex.4.What would be the advantages and disadvantages of the p roduct over the other cutting materials? According to the gathered information presented in table 5 and graph 5 the advantages of a Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials are: the product can be used significantly, can easily cut styrofoam, makes work faster, is eco-friendly for it is made of recycled materials, can easily be used without the help of manuals, is capable of accurate cutting of Styrofoam and lastly it helps in creating less waste in cutting Styrofoam compared to using blades. And also according to the gathered data the disadvantages of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials are: that the product gives hard time cutting small pieces of Styrofoam and takes a lot of time heating the wire.5. How could this product make a change in the society? According to the gathered information presented in table 6 and graph 6 that the product can make different changes in the society. The product could cause economic growth for our country and it can be made at home.The product can also be a big change in our craftsmen, can also lift our exports of Styrofoam crafts and can replace men in their works. Conclusions After summarizing the result of the study the researchers came up with the following conclusions based on the authenticity and cooperativeness of high school students of Cavite School of Life – Bacoor Campus, as the respondents in answering the questions.1. There are many materials that can be used in this experiment. But in this study the researchers found out the top five materials that can be used in this experiment. Top choice was wire which was used as the connection between the source of electricity and the output. The second top choice was guitar string which was used by the researchers as their hotwire. The third top choice was plug and switch. The fourth choice was transformer which was used as the source of electricity. And lastly, the fifth choice was metal rods that can also serve as hotwires.2. Malfunctioning is one of the product number one problem. Good thing the product in this experiment did not malfunction and function efficiently.In this study the researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials was functioning well and can do its work properly.3. 1. In every product quality is always checked. In this study the researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials can provide outputs that are of good quality. The product is also presentable to the eyes. This product proves that expense and quality could co-exist which means that there are cheap product that can give good quality than expensive one.They could be reliable and durable with almost the lower range of price.4. 2. Effectiveness of a product should always be observed. The researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is better than blades wh en it comes to cutting or craving Styrofoam. The good thing in this product is it creates less waste when cutting Styrofoam and it can also do better than cutting or carving manually. But the product also has its limitations for it is not that good in cutting or craving complex shapes.4. Every product has its weakness and strength. The researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials has different advantages and disadvantages. It is also said to be time consuming when heating the guitar string. The said disadvantages do not hinder the product to perform well. The research also found out the advantages of using a Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials that it is capable of accurate cutting of Styrofoam than other cutting instrument. It is also eco-friendly and easy to use for it is just a simple machine.The product can also make work faster and easier.5. The researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials can make a big change in our society and for our society. It can develop the way our craftsman cut or crave Styrofoam. And it could also improve our product and our economy.Recommendation1. The researchers recommend that Styrofoam should be used properly and not be wasted.2. The researchers recommend that the product should be improved to solve the products disadvantages.3. The researchers recommend that having innovation of Styrofoam cutter will make it more effective to be used and function in the best way it could.4. The researchers recommend that this product should open the eyes of the people to be eco-friendly.5. The researchers recommend that the readers should appreciate recycled things and make usable stuffs from trash or old materials.6. The researchers recommend that the use of Styrofoam cutter made of guitar strings and recycled materials could make a difference and can provide economic growth.[ 1 ]. http://cooking-ez. c om/page. php? id=27[ 2 ]. http://cooking-ez. com/page. php? id=27[3].http://hotwirefoamcutterinfo. com/Hot_Wire_Foam_Cutter_Info/Introduction. html[4]. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hot-wire_foam_cutter[ 5 ]. http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/thermo/thercond. html[ 6 ]. Philippines Star Climate Change Survival Tip 3: Say NO to Styrofoam[ 7 ]. http://www. philstar. com/Article. aspx? articleId=694303

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Media Reaction - Research Paper Example The two girls were best friends. When Tiana grew up she became a waitress, but was saving money to buy her own restaurant. She had a lot of talent as chef. Due to her stature as a lower class citizen nobody believed in her. Her mother told her love that there were more important than work, but Tiana was stubborn. She had a deal in place to buy a vacated business lot that was perfect for her restaurant. Before the deal was sign the owner told Tiana they received a better offer. They insulted her verbally with discriminatory racial slurs. During the Jazz Era the music united the white and blacks in dance ball rooms where everyone enjoyed the music and each other company’s in civilized manner. Diversity and multiculturalism was also present in the animal world when Tiana and Naveen entered once Tiana became frog during their first kiss. In the animal world all the animals respected each other and tried to do whatever it took to help each other. Since the movie is in the fantasy genre it could interpreted that animals served the roles of humans and within that perspective there was great diversity of animal species that interacted in a productive manner in the movie. Another interesting perspective of diversity in the movie is that fact that the frogs which were actually humans got along very well with other animals in the jungle including Louis the crocodile and Raymond the firefly. Two characters who are the opposite of the Voodoo war were The Shadow Man and the Mama Odie. Both were humans who know about the interconnection with humans and the animal world. The Shadow Man was the one who originally turned Prince Noreen into a frog to steal the money of the princess once they got married. Multiculturalism was present through the movie. There were incidents of racism, but the creators of the movie displayed the racial discriminatory scene in soft manner so that the

The gaze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The gaze - Essay Example There was little in the way of direct nudity in most images of stars, but photographers used great skill in appealing to the unconscious in their pictures. They found ways to hint at emotional dimensions below the surface, thereby triggering the desired reactions in the audience in a subtle way. The image above of the iconic film star Marilyn Monroe makes use of a very striking color contrast to emphasize the partially naked body in the center of the frame. The composition is fairly symmetrical apart from the back of the wicker chair which paradoxically juts out to the right of the central figure. This suggests that the subject sits uncomfortably in a world that is not quite suited to her needs: she is something of a rebel, but at the same time, this attitude makes her vulnerable, because her seated position is not quite secure. A low horizon line at the bottom separates the bright blue floor from the almost black background. The stiff netting material of the dress presents an angula r and yet see-through shield around the subject’s lower body: it is very structural in form, as if to protect her, and yet the light shining through reveals a great deal of the bare skin beneath. This is no doubt a deliberate strategy used by the photographer to tease the eye with an illusion of modesty. The feature of the photograph that I find most interesting is the combination of both mature and immature connotations of female sexuality which exist together in one and the same human subject. The very red lipstick draws attention to the subject’s sensual mouth, and the red fingernails accentuate this still further. Likewise the red toenails hint at deliberate efforts on the part of the subject to make herself sexually attractive to men. On the other hand, the posture bending forwards on the chair serves to hide the upper body, notably the breasts, and the naked feet pointing clumsily inwards suggest a childish awkwardness in front of the camera. The pose is modest, and yet revealing at the same time. This tension is reflected also in the silhouette that the human figure forms. Sitting in the middle of the picture, Marilyn Monroe appears to be slightly off-balance, as the eye is drawn by the outline of the dress from upper left to lower right. This too, makes the figure look insecure and in need of support. The male gaze finds therefore cause to feel both lustful and protective about the figure in the image, and this in nutshell describes the cultural value of the Marilyn Monroe â€Å"brand† in Hollywood cinema terms. The â€Å"look† which she offers the viewer is disarming and innocent, but there are many subconscious clues of a mature sexuality beneath the surface. There are parallels between this image and classical paintings, in which the interplay of light and shade serves to highlight the human flesh tones. This modern photograph is, however, more overtly sexual than classical paintings. A deliberate untidiness in the hairst yle and the direct, full-face angle of the picture suggest a kind of artful frankness. The model is pretending to be caught off-guard in a moment of relaxation, possibly after dancing, but in fact the composition looks very much as if it has been carefully staged to give this impression. A very important part of the picture’s impact is due to the complete lack of background

Finding George Orwell in Burma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finding George Orwell in Burma - Assignment Example Moreover, while using the social media, the youths should be encouraged to use strong passwords which can be easily hacked by third party members. You should make main stream media and advertising channels your base for distribution. Most audiences using P2P networks often avoid the use of such kind of channels and by using them to advertise hot topics like trending movies and TV series, they are forced to constantly check their social media tools for updates on what is trending (Becker, 2008). You should run social media ads along P2P sites as youth audiences browsing through such sites will come along them and if the social media are good, they will be forced to shift to social media sites for more details hence promoting the a relationship between social media and the P2P networks. To achieve a return on investment in youths assessing P2P channels through social media, you are required to strategize on your digital marketing campaigns. This will you to be efficient and effective on your media and marketing experience as you wills have to increase traffic of P2P channels on social media platforms by delivering appropriate messages which are aimed at targeting the youth. You should be knowledgeable on trending topics concerning the youths like hot music selling and apply sound methodologies to measure the amount of initiative applied to attract audiences through social platforms like face book or twitter (Becker, 2008). You should apply the social media in developing metrics or marketing analytics to better manage the campaigns and communication channels of P2P channels. This you can achieve through using social media ads appropriately to promote transparency of processes and channels available on P2P channels. You should also ensure that the social media guarantees for the security of audiences using P2P channels. Since there are fears that the social media holds private and personal information about individuals, the youths can be

Revenue management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Revenue management - Assignment Example Therefore, by 2020, it is projected that there will be a shift in landscape in RM. To ensure the success of RM strategies, the revenue managers in the hospitality industry need to be convinced of the ability to deliver return on investment and made aware of the resources needed to maximize potential. The hotels should also make sure that their organizational structure supports the RM policy. Besides, there needs to be a cultural understanding which major department like sales, marketing, and revenue work together to share information crucial to revenue management success. Furthermore, it is forecasted that the application of RM will become more strategic and will be supported by the increasingly sophisticated technology. This is because it includes more of income streams of the hotel. In this regard, by 2020, revenue management is likely to be applied to function-space and also incorporate revenue streams including restaurants and spas, as well as golf courses. Consequently, the RM function will become more central to operations of the hotel, and will quite to be expected be a separate department under supervision of the general manager. The core, strategic role of revenue management will need upgraded measurement techniques (Hayes and Miller 55-68). This implies that other than revenue per available room (RevPAR), the future RM might have a profit-oriented metric, for instance, total revenue per available room or the gross operating profit per available room (GOPPAR). As for the future revenue managers, they will require analytical, leadership, and communication skills. A formal RM education as well as negotiation skills would also be helpful. According to (Nessler 86), the managers would also use tools or internal compression which will aid them establish the unconstrained demand and close out close non-profitable channels. Since RM will move from tactical to a more strategic role, analytics along with supporting technology will play a crucial role in

Labor and delivery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Labor and delivery - Research Paper Example Management of labor and delivery is section in the medical sector that has been allocated with the initiative of dealing with birth and birth complication cases. In this case, proper management strategies need to be initiated in this section in order to offer standard services to patients as well as reduce cases of childbirth mortality (Berghella et. Al, 2008). Methodology A questionnaire was designed and distributed to patients in random hospitals across in various cities of United States of America. The aim of the questionnaires was to investigate the efficiency in service delivery across the state in regards to labor and delivery. It also focused on the cost of labor and delivery in the Texas state. Findings United States of America registers a range of 4 to 4.6 million childbirths annually. There is poor self-diagnosis of active labor (Berghella et. Al, 2008). Few people visit the labor and delivery centers. There were cases of home-delivery. Most hospital had modern labor and de livery machinery. Many hospitals had a good number of nurses, obstetricians as well as gynaecologists and thus operated 24hours a day except a few situated in the remote regions of Texas. Implications In order to achieve standard medical services in the labor and delivery section, labor and delivery management departments opt to facilitate adequate and advanced trainings to obstetricians and gynaecologists. This is to improve their medical skills and enable them to handle advanced cases in the labor and delivery medical section. There is need to equip the hospital or medical center with advanced equipments. The advancement in technology has led to the invention of several medical machineries that are essential in monitoring pregnancy as well as during the delivery period. Obstetricians working in the rural areas of developing countries encounter a lot of difficulties in dealing with advanced levels of the child delivery process such as performing cesarean operations due to lack of r equired machinery and other medical equipments. 2. Labor and delivery nurses

Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Mythology - Essay Example Mythology also enters the discourse when it comes to symbolisms of national pride. Specific colors and figures upon the varying national flags all carry important historical and mythological stories behind them (McClure and Leonard, 2004, pp. 1-6). National emblems have their own mythological backgrounds as well. These figures serve as important testaments to the events that molded and formed the sovereign nation that they are today. National emblems and flags are not the only factors dictate the presence of symbolic mythology. Culture is also a field where myths reside. In the case of American mythological importance, the Grand Canyon in Arizona is a place of great interest. The area holds deep American heritage which is an important factor for the nation’s identity and culture. It reminds them of the early and the indigenous settlers who dwelt along the site. Stories of American myths on Indian tribes and the mythological beings attached to them are part of the structure of what early American culture is about (McClure and Leonard, 2004, 331-336). When it comes to modern day myths, the impact of such stories does not greatly influence the view that I look at the constant flow of history in the modern society that I dwell in. However, myths from the past like that of the stories confined within ancient American tribes make me think about the flow of unexplained powers of nature that may or may not exist. Such makes me wonder whether natural forces narrate the everyday lives of people. It makes me contemplate about one’s adherence to the will of nature’s spirit. The worldview of a particular people can also be affected by myths. This can be seen in the philosophical values of the Japanese people. The mythological stories of Kobo Daishi are of great significance to the formation of the mentality that the Shinto-Buddhists have. The symbolic events that happened in the stories of Kobo show the precepts of Buddhism and thus, a background which explains the Japanese attitude. Hence, the mentioned myths explain the simplicity, asceticism and practicality of the people through the influence of their religious oath (McClure and Leonard, 2004, 360). . Aside from the Japanese, the Jewish have their Waters of Eternal Life (McClure and Leonard, 2004, 361-363). Like the mentioned, mythologies create a huge influence in modern society. To emphasize the roles of myths in the modern era, religious tales are the most influential. These form the standards of ideological and religious belief thus, creating a way-of-life for a certain group of people. I have not personally travelled to any sacred place but I am greatly familiar with the Grand Canyon of Arizona. From an observer’s stand point, I presume that there is, indeed, a huge difference between secular places and the Grand Canyon. First of all, the aura of the place is entirely unique. The Grand Canyon is rich of the Native American heritage which entails a great deal of cul tural significance for the American nation as a whole. When topic of travelling is concerned, souvenirs make a great deal because it functions as a testament to the first hand experience that a certain individual has in the presence of a particular landmark. Souvenirs transform into an artefact or a relic which gives proof that a person had seen the splendour of a specific place. For my personal hobby, I collect book that spans to non-fiction, fiction, the occult and the

Designing Qualitative Research for Social Science & Health Essay

Designing Qualitative Research for Social Science & Health - Essay Example deteriorating health, the sudden transition to a life of lesser financial control appears to be the underlying factor for both changing health status and limited access to the initial lifestyle. Retirement is the transition from being a working individual into not working. There are many reasons why people retire. Some of these include voluntary, sickness, incapacitation and age. Age is the most common factor for retirement. Most retirees are considerably aged by the time they make the transition (Smith and Moen, 2004). The transition is sometimes made at a point in life when the input of the individual is fading and their youthfulness has been lost. These factors, combined with the sudden transition to being non-salaried, have been known to negatively impact the inevitable transition into retirement. Psychologists postulate that retirement has adverse effects both on the psychosocial and physical wellbeing of the individual. For instance, some researchers have attributed the transition to accelerated ageing (Osborne, 2012). Many retirees have alluded to the fact that they did not make substantive decisions regarding their retirement days since they could not figure out how the transition would affect them. This implies that many retirees do not have an aforethought strategy to manage their new-found status. For this reason, they are usually met with constant challenges, both psychological and organisational. Yet retirement planning is considered an essential part of the transformation that follows ceasing employment. Planning should ideally be done before the individual crosses over to the world of retirement. The most important part of the planning is to necessitate a smooth transition into the new phase in life. However, many people attempt to develop a retirement plan after experiencing what the transition is like, and sometimes after realising that they could have made misinformed choices as they settle down. Some of these misinformed choices are likely to

The March on Washington Essay Example for Free

The March on Washington Essay The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom occurred in Washington D.C on the 28th of August, 1963. Attended by some 250,000 people, it was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nation’s capital, and one of the first to have extensive television coverage.( Source 3) The march started because of employment discrimination against African-Americans who were forced into lower paying positions, Labor leaders and elder statesmen’s of the civil rights movement A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin had initially planned a march in 1941. Directors of the Major Civil Rights Organization went to work on behalf of the proposed legislation. In the political sense, the march was organized by coalition of organizations and their leaders including: Randolph who was chosen as the titular head of the march, James Farmer (president of the Congress of Racial Equality ), John Lewis ( chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) , Martin Luther King, Jr. (president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference), Roy Wilkins (president of the NAACP), Whitney Young (president of the National Urban League). ( Source 3) They determined that the most efficient strategy would be a public show of support in the nation’s capital. In the spring of 1963, Randolph revived his proposal on the march. The â€Å"March for Jobs and Freedom,† as it was called, demanded desegregation of public facilities, as end to discrimination and employment, decent housing, and education, and the right to vote. The march won endorsement of every major civil rights organization. ( Englebert Pg 80) However, the plan had one flaw, and President Kennedy addressed it. President Kennedy requested thirty civil rights leaders for a conference at the White House, and tried to persuade them out of the march, because Kennedy thought the march would harm the  chances of passage of his civil rights bill; he also feared that the demonstration could turn brutal. Since there were already African-Americans holding demonstrations across America, he responded to President Kennedy by saying this â€Å"If they are bound to be in the streets in any case,† said Randolph, â€Å" is it not better that they be led by organizations decided to civil rights and disciplined by struggle rather than leave them to other leaders who care neither about civil rights nor about nonviolence?† A. Philip Randolph ( Engleberts Pg 80) Even though President Kennedy was still undecided about their plan of a national march, President Kennedy commanded officials of administration to support the March organizers. The march started at the Washington Monument and finished at the Lincoln Memorial with a program of music and speakers. The march unsuccessfully started on time because the leaders were meeting with the members of Congress. By surprise to the leaders, the assembled group started to march from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial without them. The 1963 March also spurred anniversary marches that occur every five years, with the 20th and 25th being some of the most well known. The 25th Anniversary theme was â€Å"We Still have a Dream†¦Jobs*Peace*Freedom.† ( Source 2) BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Englebert, Phillis, American civil rights almanac- Volume 1. 1999, Boston. 2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom 3.http://www.infoplease.com/spot/marchonwashington.html 4. http://uquoted.com/the-march-on-washington-affirmed-our-values-as-a-people-equality-and-opportunity-for-all-forty-one-years-ago-during-a-time-of-segregation-these-were-an-ideal/

Importance of Financial Management

Importance of Financial Management INTRODUCTION The modern thinking in financial management accords a far greater importances to the management decisions and making policy. Today financial managers occupy key positions in top management areas and play dynamic role in solving complex management problems. The main object ive of accounting is to provide the necessary information, which is useful for the person within the organization i.e.; owners, management, employees and also outside the organization i.e.; investors, creditors, government, consumers, etc. Financial accounting is concerned with record keeping directed towards the preparation of income statement and financial position statement. It provides information regarding profit and loss of the enterprise and also its financial position as on that particular date. This information is helpful to management to control the major functions of the business i.e.; finance, administration, production and marketing, but details regarding operating efficiency to their lacking financial statements are mainly concerned with the managements interest in future of the organization. Thus the financial performance valuation involves the determination of the companys ability In mobilizing the funds required for the business and utilizing the funds in the business. Therefore, the financial performance is concerned with the appraisal of the following: Capital formation Capital structure Profitability and profit allocation Working capital and liquidity management FINANCIAL ANALYS Financial analysis is the process of determining the significant operating and financial characteristics of a firm from its accounting and its financial statements. The goal of such analysis is to determine the efficiency and performance of the firms management, reflected in the financial records and reports. This analysis will help us to measure firms liquidity, profitability and other indications that determine whether the business is conducted in a rational way or not. METHODS OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: There are 7 methods of financial analysis. Such are: Comparative statement Comparative income statement Comparative balance sheet Common-size statement Trend analysis Fund-flow analysis Cash-flow analysis Ratio analysis Cost-volume profit analysis RATIO ANALYSIS: Financial statement plays a decisive role in setting the frame work of managerial decisions for the financial statements viz; income statement and balance statement are prepared to help the management in taking decisions. The Ratio analysis is the most power tool of financial analysis. Meaning: A ratio is simple arithmetical expression of the relationship of one member to another. Accounting ratios are relationships expressed in mathematical terms between figures which are connected with each other in some manner. Ratio analysis shows inter-relationship between the different items in the data. Current ratio: Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities The current ratio is calculated by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities. Current assets include cash and those assets which can be converted into cash within year such as inventories, sundry debtors, marketable securities, loans and advances and prepaid expenses. Current liabilities are obligations maturing within a year, including creditors, bills payable, accrued expenses, bank overdraft, income tax liability, loans and advances and provisions. The companys liquidity position was very low in the initial years where as it is very high in the later years. Quick (or) Acid test ratio: Quick ratio = (Current assets Inventory) / Current liabilities The ratio is really at the rate of current ratio and is found out by dividing the total current liabilities. From the analysis, it can be interpreted that the companys liquidity position to pay for current liability is high. This result is higher interest cost on networking capital which affects the profitability of the firm. Debtors days: Debtors days = (Debtors / sales) * 365 The liquidity position of the firm depends on the quality of the debtors to the great extent. This resulted in higher balance in debtors for which company had to pay more interest charges which affected profitability of the company. This can be improved 3 times better as observed in the ratios of well doing firms. This will result in big reduction in interest charges as well as increase in profits. This possible only through better debtors management and optimum credit policy of the firm. Creditor days: Creditor days = (Creditor / Cost of goods sold ) * 365 This ratio is a variation of the credit ratio and gives similar indications. It measures the portion of the firms assets that are financed by creditors. A very high ratio indicates a greater risk to creditors as also to the share holders under adverse business conditions. On the other hand , a low ratio is for the creditors in extending credit. Net income ratio: Net income ratio = (Net profit / sales) *100 This ratio measures the rate of the net profit earned on sales. It establishes a relationship between net profit and sales in overall measure of the firms ability to turn pound of sales into net profit, this ratio also indicate the firms capacity to withstand adverse economic conditions. Gross income ratio: Gross income ratio = (Gross profit / Sales) *100 The gross profit has been arrived by adding the closing stock and subtracting the materials, excise duty, wages and other manufacturing expenses to sales. This ratio reflects the efficiency with which management produces each unit of the product. When the gross margin in subtracted from 100% we get the ratio of cost of goods to sale. Return on equity: Return on equity = Net income / Share holders equity The amount of net incomereturnedas a percentageof shareholders equity.Return on equitymeasures a corporations profitabilityby revealing how muchprofit acompany generateswith the money shareholders have invested. Net income is for the full fiscal year (before dividends paid to common stock holders but after dividends to preferred stock.) Shareholders equity does not include preferredshares. Cost of sales to sales ratio: Cost of sales to sales ratio = Cost of sales / Total sales Through the manufacturing expenses percentage of company is less than the industry average the Cost of sales is slightly more than the industry. This can be, because of more depreciation charges or difference in excise duty. Therefore company has to produce goods by effective utilization of foxed assets to bring down the depreciation cost of sales. Stock turnover days: Stock turnover days = sales / inventory The higher the stock turnover the better, because money is then tied up for less time in stocks. A quicker stock turnover also means that the firm gets to make its profit on the stock quicker, and so the firm should be more competitive. However, it will vary between industries and so it is important to compare within an industry. Return on net assets: RONA = net income / (Fixed assets + Networking capital) Here, Networking capital = Current assets Current liabilities. It is the useful measure the profitability of all financial resources invested in the firms assets. It evaluated the use of total funds without any regard to the sources of funds. Higher the ratio more effective is the firm is using the pool of funds. Sales to net assets employed: Sales to net assets employed = sales / net assets Here, Net assets = Fixed assets + Current assets Current liabilities. This ratio is also called the earning power of the firm and represents the return of the funds. It indicates how well management has used funds supplied by the creditors and owners. Higher the ratio better is the position of the firm and more efficient of the management in utilizing funds, entrusted to it. CONCLUSIONS In the overall of a business is to earn a satisfactory return on funds invested in it, consistent with maintaining a sound financial position. The position of the company according to ratio is satisfactory in the year 2008 2010. That means each year profit had been increased. BIBLIOGRAPHY Financial management M Y Khan P K Jain http://www.investopedia.com

Life Of The Settlers :: essays research papers

The Life of the Settlers ( Book Report ) Book : Tubman Harriet Ross Tubman was one of the youngest of the eleven children born to Benjamin Ross and Araminta Rittia Green Ross. Since her parents both were slaves, she was born a slave. Harriet was the fourth generation of her family to be enslaved in the United States. Harriet lived in Bucktown, Maryland as a slave. When she was five years old, Edward Brodas, her owner, hired her out to other people, who would pay him for her services. As a custom for slaves, she took another name when she was hired out, calling herself Araminta or "Minty." As a slave Harriet was treated brutally. She was beaten and whipped about her face, neck and back. She had the scars for the rest of her life. This all happened because her owners said it wasn’t good enough, without thinking that the work she did was to the best of her abilities because she was five years old. She received no education and so she couldn’t read or write. Yet in later life she gave speeches in support of women’s rights. Harriet was described as a wilful and moody child. She was determined to do outdoor work, and Brodas finally gave in when she was nine years old. She was hired out as a field hand. She did well in the fields. She enjoyed the outdoors, feeling of almost being free since she wasn’t being closely monitored. It also gave her strength and endurance, both of which later served her well. It also brought her in contact with slaves who travelled north with their owners. Harriet almost killed herself while trying to help Jim, another slave, escape. McCracken, Jim’s owner, had chased him and finally caught him. He demanded Harriet to tie Jim up, but she refused. Jim then bounded out the door and Harriet blocked the door. McCracken responded by throwing an iron which hit Harriet on the forehead. Since the head injuries she suffered sleeping seizures. Harriet, at the age of 24 got married to John Tubman, a freed black man. When Harriet learned from John how he gained freedom, she checked out from a lawyer and found out that her mother was supposed to be free but was tricked into thinking she was a slave. In 1849 Harriet over heard that her and two of her brother’s were to be sold far south. Life Of The Settlers :: essays research papers The Life of the Settlers ( Book Report ) Book : Tubman Harriet Ross Tubman was one of the youngest of the eleven children born to Benjamin Ross and Araminta Rittia Green Ross. Since her parents both were slaves, she was born a slave. Harriet was the fourth generation of her family to be enslaved in the United States. Harriet lived in Bucktown, Maryland as a slave. When she was five years old, Edward Brodas, her owner, hired her out to other people, who would pay him for her services. As a custom for slaves, she took another name when she was hired out, calling herself Araminta or "Minty." As a slave Harriet was treated brutally. She was beaten and whipped about her face, neck and back. She had the scars for the rest of her life. This all happened because her owners said it wasn’t good enough, without thinking that the work she did was to the best of her abilities because she was five years old. She received no education and so she couldn’t read or write. Yet in later life she gave speeches in support of women’s rights. Harriet was described as a wilful and moody child. She was determined to do outdoor work, and Brodas finally gave in when she was nine years old. She was hired out as a field hand. She did well in the fields. She enjoyed the outdoors, feeling of almost being free since she wasn’t being closely monitored. It also gave her strength and endurance, both of which later served her well. It also brought her in contact with slaves who travelled north with their owners. Harriet almost killed herself while trying to help Jim, another slave, escape. McCracken, Jim’s owner, had chased him and finally caught him. He demanded Harriet to tie Jim up, but she refused. Jim then bounded out the door and Harriet blocked the door. McCracken responded by throwing an iron which hit Harriet on the forehead. Since the head injuries she suffered sleeping seizures. Harriet, at the age of 24 got married to John Tubman, a freed black man. When Harriet learned from John how he gained freedom, she checked out from a lawyer and found out that her mother was supposed to be free but was tricked into thinking she was a slave. In 1849 Harriet over heard that her and two of her brother’s were to be sold far south.