What were the Main Causes of the First World War Essay

What were the Main Causes of the First World War - Essay Example Same was the case with World War One (W.W.1) that erupted in the beginning of 20th century and took the entire world in its fold, no continent was safe from it, and the major stakeholders were from nearly three continents. All the major events that took place in the history if traced back reveal that various long term reasons were behind them. Various factors contributed to the beginning of the fire, the military might, hostility towards each other, oppression of the weak, colonialism, race for resources, all these factors were building and in boiling for around twenty to thirty years and resulted in eruption of volcano in the name of World War One that lasted more than four years between 1914 and 1918 and had the entire world under its grip. This war changed the dynamics of happenings that were to take place in the coming years and decades of the century, and created new foes and new friends. Initially the rivalries were bi party and involved only two nations, two prime examples in this case can be seen as the rift that was going on between the Germans and French in 1870s(Howard, 2001), and Serbs and Austria-Hungry. Such small events and battles between the two nations result in providing a playground for large scale war which gives rise to battles that go beyond the borders of countries and engulf the continents ,similar case happened in case of World war one. More often than not it is seen that constitution of strategic alliances and groups result in further hostility of relations towards the other bench and such case was exhibited in World War One, though two strong entities were being established, yet they rather provided a medium for the two blocks to merge stand and operate against each other. A world war is termed as one that involves more than five super powers of that time, and enrolls two or more continents in its fire, World War One had the ingredients of both .The causes of a worldwide fire were building for many years, however there were few major events that became the reason for its opening and can be termed as the driving forces towards the launch. Initially known as the â€Å"Great war† .Primarily it involved Europe and its colonies but later extended its arms to America and Japan. A French politician once said, the large empire was important not only from trade point of view, but prestige as well. This was the kind of mind set in the late 19th and early 20th century. A battle for overseas territory was in offing between the European players, the battle was more for capturing the resources in those parts of the world that were neglected or had weak governance system and no protection means. One similar case that came to forefront in this regard was the dispute between the French and the Germans over the control of Morocco, this event took place in the early years of twentieth century. The 20th century was characterized by colonialism of the weak entities on the surface of earth and parts of Asia and Africa was bei ng ruled by the dominant forces mostly from Europe in form of Great Britain, Germany and France. The colonies were ironically enriched with natural resources, strategic positioning, for that reason every strong nation fancied occupying a land (Sanderson, 2001).This created a rift between the strong and mighty. The colonialism was the exploitation of the poor and weak by the strong ones, those who saw it from outside and had some strength saw it as an opportunity to enter the battle. The Stake holders of the World war: Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungry, who were later joined by Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire Allies: Great Britain, France, Serbia, Russia and few others, Italy, Greece . French Sense of Nationalism: The atmosphere all around smelled that of nationalism and French nationalists also saw their

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay In the story â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† there are many problems that the characters face in the story. Near the end of the novel Huck says â€Å"But I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. I been there before. † Huck doesn’t seem happy with Aunt Sally asking him to go back with her. He did have times in the story where he likes to be with the widow and he could like being civilized if he gave it a chance. Huck doesn’t want to be civilized he wants to just do what he wants and be free not having to be tied down. In the beginning of the story Huck was jumping around from house to house. First he started with Pap at his house. Then Huck went to live with the Widow at her house because he could not stand Pap, who was a drunk and would beat Huck all the time and he just couldn’t take it. Then when he moved from Pap’s to the widow’s he didn’t like it there either. The widow tried to change him and make him something he wasn’t. This is an example of what he means when he said â€Å"I been there before. † In the story you could tell that the widow was trying to keep him and have him stay there. It says â€Å"the widow found out where I was by and by, and she sent a man over to try to get hold of me. † This shows that he just wanted to break free. Another reason that shows how Huck doesn’t want to be civilized is in the quote it says â€Å"Aunt Sally wants to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. † Throughout the story Huck shows that he doesn’t want to be civilized and just wants to be free. This is why he just escapes and goes down the river in the raft with Jim and fakes his death in the first place. In the book Huck says â€Å"Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft. † This quote shows exactly how Huck is and loves to be by himself. This also relates to him not wanting to go and stay with either Pap or the widow when he was put in that situation. The other part says that he feels â€Å"cramped and smothery† when he if not in the raft. The raft gave him the freedom he wanted and got and he was not about to go back to what he just escaped from with the widow. The widow and Aunt Sally wanted to do the same thing. My third reason why Huck doesn’t want to be tied down and civilized is because of the experiences he had. By Huck faking his death he was able to experience something he would of never have if he stayed where he was. One example was his encounter with the robbers; they were trying to pretend to be something that they are not and Huck got to realize that people aren’t always what they say they are. Another experience was when they dressed up Jim to get away. And the biggest lesson that he learned was that it was the right thing to do was to not turn Jim in during the time on the Mississippi river to the people around them saying that he is a fugitive slave. Also, he said that he doesn’t care if he goes to hell if they find out what he is doing. This is a big thing for him to say because he actually believes in god in a big way and is very superstitious. This was a big step for anyone at this time. It was against the law to do what Huck did by attempting to reunite him with his family by going up the Ohio or even just staying with him. During this time period and where he was from this was one of the greatest sins. Overall I feel that this quote â€Å"But I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. I been there before,† is very important and relates to the entire book in many different ways. It` could show how Huck got to learn many different things on the trip, how he made a friend that he shouldn’t have at the time the story was written, or it was just not the thing to do in this time period when the book was written. Huck doesn’t want to jump from house to house because Pap is a bad Drunk and the widow wants to have him tied down. In the quote Aunt Sally want to do the same thing the widow tried to do. Through this Huck got to learn new things and make more friends. Now we know that he just wants to be free and live his own life without people â€Å"smothering† him.

Kevlar and Nomex Fibers :: kevlar nomex fiber

Kevlar fibers are 5 times stronger than steel. Since the introduction of Kevlar technology, industries have used Kevlar for many applications. Kevlar is most commonly used in safety applications such as bullet-proof vests for law enforcement agents, helmets for military infantries, and as protection from fire. Kevlar is a synthetic (person-made) material known as a polymer. A polymer is a chain made of many similar molecular groups bonded together called monomers. A single Kevlar polymer chain could have anywhere from five to a million segments bonded together. Each Kevlar segment or monomer is a chemical unit that contains 14 carbon atoms, 2 nitrogen atoms, 2 oxygen atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen bonds greatly strenghten the polymer chain. The pattern shows that the aromatic components of Kevlar have a radial (spoke-like) orientation. The radial orientation is important because it allows the polymer chains to be well-ordered and symmetric like the atoms in a crystal. Because of this highly ordered structure, a fiber of Kevlar has few structural flaws or weak places. This lack of flaws or weak places is the biggest reason for the exceptional strength of Kevlar. Kevlar is a magnificent material due to the way that it can disperse the energy and force of an object by its chemical composition. As we know from physics, the pressure that an object exerts on another object is equal to the force divided by the area. Kevlar is remarkable at absorbing and displacing the pressure of an object. Pressure = Force/Area F = (mass * gravity) The ability to absorb energy and displace the pressure of an object makes Kevlar so useful in protecting us from knives, bullets and infinite types of sharp objects. Military helmets today are much lighter and much stronger than helmets of the past. Helmets of the past consisted of metal. As you know metal can get heavy, especailly after long durations of time. Kevlar is also five time stronger than metal. The new Kevlar helmets help keep our troops safe, and do not cause fatigue on their heads. Combat vehicles use composite panels made of Kevlar liners mounted to the inside of the vehicles structure. With the combination of other metals or ceramics, they greatly increase the survivability for the crew members. Kevlar does not melt or shrink when exposed to extreme heat. It is also extremely resistant to cuts, punctures, ans chemical substances. Many new canoe makers make their canoes entirely out of Kevlar.

Pilgrimage of Grace Dbq Essay

The Pilgrimage of Grace was a religious uprising in York, England which started in late 1536 and finished in early 1537, where people lead by Yorkshire lawyer Robert Aske staged protests and demonstrations in opposition to King Henry VIII’s dissolution of monasteries and break from the Catholic Church. This rebellion was mostly aimed at Thomas Cromwell, who was Henry’s High Chancellor; and many of these marchers influenced Cromwell’s policies. The participants of the Pilgrimage of Grace had a goal to reinstate the Catholic Church, and a concern of the economic impacts caused by losing monasteries; those who opposed the movement had a goal to punish leaders and anyone associated with the movement and a political concern of losing power for the king. Documents 1, 3 and 5 demonstrate the marcher’s religious purpose and desire to bring power back to the church. Documents 4, 6 and 11 prove the marcher’s concerns about the economic impact that the dissolu tion of monasteries caused. A goal to punish anyone associated with the Pilgrimage of Grace can be found in Documents 8 and 10. Documents 7 and 9 indicate the oppositions’ concerns of the king losing power. Commoners who were a part of the movement participated in protests to oppose King Henry VIII’s new policies. In Documents 1, 3, and 5, the marcher’s goal to reinstate the Catholic Church is evident. Document 1 is extracted from the â€Å"Oath of Honorable Men†, which was taken by marchers for this rebellion lead by Robert Aske, and within this oath, marcher’s state that their purpose for participating in the Pilgrimage of Grace is not for â€Å"worldly gain† (individual gain in terms of wealth, reputation, jobs, etc.), but rather for the better purpose of the â€Å"love of God, for the Holy Catholic Church militant†. In Document 1 there are many religious references which prove that the supporters of this rebellion had an ultimate goal to gain back the Catholic Church, in sentences such as â€Å"Take before you the Cross of Christ, and in your hearts His faith.†- the ultimate message conveyed through this document is that a key goal in the uprising is to protest for the Church and for the love of God, to keep God’s faith and help spread love of God and the â€Å"Cross of Christ† through the Catholic Church. In Document 3, a banner carried by peasant marchers depicting the â€Å"Wounds of Christ† is shown. The focal point of this banner is a heart with 2 hands and 2 feet  protruding out of it which have wounds to represent the 5 wounds that Christ had when he was crucified. This banner is representative of the Christian religion and has a very religious point of view to show that marchers were fighting in Christ’s cause for restoration of the Catholic Church. Other specific symbols on the banner such as a communion chalice (with a halo on top showing holiness and god-like qualities) symbolizing members of the clergy (those who pray), a plow symbolizing the commoners (those who work), and a cattle (hunting) horn symbolizing nobles (those who fight) signified that the Pilgrimage of Grace affected a wide variety of people, and several different social classes were on board with the movement. From Document 5, taken from selected articles from a petition (Pontefract articles) presented to members of the King’s Council, one specific article in the petition written by Robert Aske (leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace) addresses the king and outlines specific points/goals of the movement in terms of reinstating the Catholic Church; Aske â€Å"beseech[es]† the â€Å"Sovereign King† to â€Å"have the supreme head of the Church be the pope in Rome as before†. Since the pope in Rome during this time period was known to be Catholic, the marchers support him being reinstated as the head of Church. Also, punishments for heretics are mentioned in â€Å"heresies†¦annulled and destroyed† and â€Å"heretics consigned to punishment by fire†-heretics are professed believers who maintain religious opinions contrary to those accepted by his or her church, the mention of punishment for people who reject the faith of the Church proves that religion was important to the marchers, and therefore reinstating the Catholic church and restoring their faith was of utter importance. Within this document grouping, Document 1 is unreliable due to bias. In Document 1, since it is extracted from the â€Å"Oath of Honorable Men†, the source is biased because this oath was required for marchers to take if they wanted to be a part of the movement; therefore we are not surprised that the marcher holds these opinions because if they wished to participate in the movement but did not necessarily agree with every statement said within the oath, they would have no choice but to repeat it due to pressures from other marchers and desire to fight in the uprisings for several other reasons than simply to reinstate the Catholic Church. Participants in the Pilgrimage of Grace had many concerns about this negative  impact that the King’s actions were causing. In Documents 4, 5, and 11, the shared concern of participants was for the negative economic impact of the dissolution of monasteries, caused from King Henry VIII’s break from the church (since the Church did not allow him to have his marriage annulled). Document 4 is a source from a Marcher’s ballad; it expresses participant’s concerns of the economic impacts of losing monasteries during to the 3 or 4 lines of the ballad, stating â€Å"†¦robbed, spoiled and shorn of cattle and corn, houses and lands.† These lines signify concern of economic impact since due to King Henry’s actions, the monasteries which were â€Å"held in bonds† by the church are removed and therefore the people who held the land are robbed of their houses and land as well as other resources that they would use to gain profit and contribute to the economy, such as their crops (â€Å"corn†) and their livestock (â€Å"cattle†). Document 6 extracted from a pamphlet does not directly address the economic concern of losing monasteries, but indirectly does when the source says that the â€Å"current Parliament has no authority or virtue. It is little more than a council of the King’s appointees. â€Å"-this signifies the concern that since the parliament is ruled by the king and do not â€Å"speak on [it’s] own behalf†, instead it is a parliament â€Å"where men may not speak of the King’s vices but only say what Cromwell says is right†, and this means that the participants of Pilgrimage of Grace are afraid of what the current parliament will dominate. Since parliament and the King controlled the economy, the source shows that it is concerned that due to the changes the King made (like removing monasteries) the negative impact could affect things like the economy, and â€Å"knights and burgesses† or â€Å"counties and towns† will just go by what Cromwell (secon d to the King) and economy will be negatively impacted because all decisions in parliament are based on Cromwell or the King’s opinions. In Document 11 given by the leader of the movement, the economic concerns due to losing monasteries are evident. The source, Aske, explains how monasteries in the north used to give â€Å"great help to poor men and laudable service to God.† But since they were removed negative things have occurred, â€Å"farmers rent out farms and taverns for profit† instead of utilizing their own land to make a profit and contribute to the economy. Also, the source explains that â€Å"any monies earned from abbey lands are now going to the King† meaning that any small profit made goes directly to the King, so obviously the economy is impacted negatively. The  source describes more negative impacts on the kingdom, like the tenant fed and aided by abbeys (monasteries) â€Å"can barely live†, beggars and travelers have no help on roads and things maintained by monasteries for the benefit of the commonwealth like bridges and high walls are unattended. Document 4 is very reliable because it was written by Catholic monks who lived in an abbey, which shows that they have witnessed the effects of the economy on people living on monasteries firsthand-and they have experience which helps them to be reliable since they also inhabited abbeys in monasteries. Document 11 is a biased source that is not fully reliable because the leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace, Robert Aske, wrote it as a testimony shortly before he was executed. It is not surprising that Aske holds this opinion because he founded the movement, and therefore strongly disagrees with any changes that King Henry made (removing monasteries)-especially in this document he goes to great lengths to explain how negatively impacted the economy is due to dissolution of monasteries- it is not completely reliable since Aske was not a part of monasteries so he didn’t experience any of the impacts first hand, he just observed the damage around him. People against the Pilgrimage of Grace had goals against the movement, since they supported the King. In Documents 8 and 10 the shared goal between those opposing the uprising was to punish anyone associated with the movement. In Document 8, although there are no direct quotations from the source proving that the person wanted to punish participants in the movement (and this document is pro-pilgrimage), the source itself was taken from a captive of the Tower of London where he was most likely tortured- this source proves that the opposition believed that the Pilgrimage was treason and by using imprisonment and torture methods in the Tower of London they were trying to coerce Nicholas Leche (the source) into admitting it, and therefore punishing him since he as a parish priest; this is also linked to Document 10 where 80% of the clergy were convicted of treason. Document 10 demonstrates that the opposition to the movement wanted to punish everyone associated with the pilgrimage, since members from every status (gentlemen/nobles, clergy, and commoners) were all tried, and for each more than 50% were convicted of treason. The clergy in particular with 80% convicted shows the opposition’s goal to punish supporters of the  pilgrimage, since because it was an religious uprising it makes sense that more religious people like the clergy (those who pray) would be convicted. Document 8 is not a reliable source because it was taken from a Catholic parish priest (someone who would most likely believe strongly in the movement and be against the King due to break with the church and dissolution of monasteries). Also, since Nicholas Leche (source) was in the Tower of London, a building where they tortured, imprisoned, or killed high profile/highly dangerous men (to English monarch), he may have been forced into saying things like â€Å"it was treason† and â€Å"the gentlemen could have stopped the rebellion then†. Those who opposed the Pilgrimage of Grace were faced with many concerns. One primary concern for the opposition was that they would lose power for authority or for King Henry VIII, which is demonstrated in Documents 7 and 9. Document 7 from a pamphlet, expresses the general idea that if the Pilgrimage of Grace succeeds and the king is no longer in charge the kingdom will fall in to chaos because there will be no order, the source says â€Å"When every man rules, who shall obey?† meaning that no King leads to no obedience to anyone else. By arguing that having a king is â€Å"not only expedient, but also most necessary in a commonwealth† , the source shows its concern that the King will not have power after the movement, since there is an underlying tone of the source trying to persuade readers into believing the king is best since â€Å"the better [should] rule the rest† to convince them to obey the king (instead of him losing power). This relates to Document 10, extracted from a pardon. This document is almost a silent plea for marchers to obey the king, with an underlying message of concern that the king will lost power after the movement; this is why the source is trying to twist around the situation and make it seem like the marchers are lucky to be granted this most â€Å"gracious pity and mercy towards you and to grant you to you his free pardon†, as long as the marchers â€Å"heartily repent offenses and make humble submission to his highness.† Document 7 is not a reliable source due to bias; since the writer of this source is Richard Morrison, a writer hired by Thomas Cromwell he is very biased because he is hired to express the ideas of Thomas Cromwell who was second to the King and who strongly opposed the pilgrimage. Therefore, even if Morrison supported the pilgrimage  he would not be able to express his ideas, since his writing would be passed on to Cromwell, then passed on to the king, and obviously Morrison would not want to be punished for opposing such high authority. Overall, the Pilgrimage of Grace of 1536 was an important historical event during the reign of King Henry VIII, where there were both participants and opposition for the movement. Participants strove to reinstate the Catholic Church and were concerned about the economic impacts of losing monasteries, while opposition of the pilgrimage had a goal of punishing people associated with the movement and a concern of the kind losing power. Through examples in documents presented in our document set, as well as bias/reliability analyzed, the goals and concerns of both participants and opposition of the Pilgrimage of Grace are evident.

Revies Of Related Literature And Studies Essay

According to the article of Grace Melanie Lacamiento 2012 entitled Mobile apps could be huge export product for Phl, the tremendous growth of Smartphone usage in the country make the creation of mobile applications a lucrative option that local developers and start-up technopreneurs should look into. Alvin Gendrano, director of Microsoft Philippines Developers and Platform Group, said that now is a ripe opportunity for the creation of mobile applications. Software products such as games, musical content and applications, could be a huge export market for the Philippines. Even the lack of ï ¬ nancial resources, he said that Filipino software engineers could start with a small team to take advantage of the demand for digital products in the global market along with other developers in advance countries. If we have more Filipino apps in the market, there is a chance that one will make it big. We dont have something similar to Angry Birds or Fruit ninja but once we have a Philippine application that is world renowned, then we would make it, he added. Chief executive oï ¬Æ'cer Jerry Rapes there are diï ¬â‚¬erent segments in the mobile application that developers could exploit. They must consider developing apps for lifestyle, entertainment, enterprises, healthcare and gaming. He further said that success in the industry depends on the skills, determination and passion to build software products. You have to work more, fail more, and produce more. Dont be scared of failing since failure gives you higher opportunity towards success. Software development doesnt need a lot of investment. It requires whats within your brain  and your passion, he said. This article discussed how Filipino developers can contribute to the fast growing development of mobile application because of the trends on mobile application. It also discussed that the success in developing software  product depends on the skills and determination and passion of the developer. With this proposed application this will help the researcher to upgrade his programming language and gain knowledge in developing a mobile application that can contribute to fast growing mobile apps in the Philippines. From the article of anonymous writer from the internet, 2009 entitled Using Mobile Phones as Teachers in The Philippines Twenty public elementary schools in Ilagan Isabela Philippines are now capable of accessing interactive multimedia educational videos through the use of mobile phones. Text2Teach is a program that makes use of mobile technology so that schools can have access to rich multimedia videos. It aims to improve the quality of teaching in grades 5 and 6 in public elementary schools by providing highly interactive, easy to use multimedia packages designed to help make learning more exciting and meaningful among students. Using a Nokia N95 8GB mobile phone, 387 interactive, educational videos in math, science, and English are pre-loaded into the phones for the teachers to choose from. A teacher simply plugs the phone into a TV and plays the video lesson for the day in the classroom for the students to enjoy and learn from. The 3 to 5-minute educational videos created for the project bring these subjects to life, illustrating key concepts, skills, and competencies that students are expected to master. These video lesson plans also help make teachers’ lives easier and are compliant with the Basic Education Curriculum. In the future, additional educational videos will be  developed and these will be accessed by the schools using Globe’s 3G technology. The article describe the use of mobile phone of elementary schools in Ilagan Isabela Philippines in accessing interactive multimedia educational videos to bring the subject to life, illustrating key concepts, skills, and competencies that students are expected to master and to improve the quality of education, it also help the teaching and the learning more easier. The article relates to the researchers proposed study might also help the students in bringing the subject to life, illustrating key  concepts, skills, and competencies for students to master and also help the teaching and the learning easier and faster through the use of mobile application. From the article of Tatin Yang in 2012 entitled Learning in tablet form, the iPad was a game changer in so many ways. The tablet was a portable medium that can access and store information, images, music, videogames and other various needs, with the battery life that could last all day. With other brands producing their own versions of iPads, tablet computing is back in a huge and permanent way. With the tablet becoming indispensable in many trades, it was only a matter of time before they became ï ¬ xtures in schools. Lozada said, The tablet is very teacher friendly. Its the same lesson plan and the same teaching methods; its just a medium thats diï ¬â‚¬erent. Tablets are an appliance working for the students as a personal learning device; for teacher its a personal teaching device, he States.3 The article explain the usability of the iPad tablets, it can enhance the learning of the student and be more interested to learn the subject. In relation to the researcher proposed application, tablets and smartphone will be the medium and the application is the learning software this can be used by the student as their personal learning device. The proponent relates to the three literatures on the idea and concepts on enhancing the learning process of the students through the use of the new technology. FOREIGN LITERATURE From the article of Tavangarian D. et.al, E-learning includes all forms of electronically supported learning and teaching, including educational technology. The information and communication systems, whether networked learning or not, serve as speciï ¬ c media to implement the learning process.[1] This often involves both out-of-classroom and in-classroom educational experiences via technology, even as advances continue in regard to devices and curriculum. Abbreviations like CBT (Computer-Based Training), IBT (Internet-Based Training) or WBT (Web-Based Training) have been used as synonyms to e-learning. E-learning is the computer and network-enabled  transfer of skills and knowledge. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual education opportunities and digital collaboration. Content is delivered via the Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. It can be selfpaced or instructor-led and incl udes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audio. It is commonly thought that new technologies can make a big diï ¬â‚¬erence in education.[2] In particular, children can interact with new media, and develop their skills, knowledge, perception of the world, under their parents’ monitoring, of course. Many proponents of e-learning believe that everyone must be equipped with basic knowledge of technology, as well as use it as a medium to reach a particular goal. This article deï ¬ nes E-learning includes all forms of electronically supported learning and teaching, including educational technology and how new technologies can make a big diï ¬â‚¬erence in education. Children can interact with new media, and develop their skills, knowledge. It can be self-paced or instructor-led and includes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audio. With the researchers proposed project, he will include those form of media so that students can interact with the application for them to learn and develop their skills. From the article of anonymous writer on the internet, entitled Three Learning Styles, everyone processes and learns new information in diï ¬â‚¬erent ways. There are three main cognitive learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The common characteristics of each learning style listed below can help you understand how you learn and what methods of learning best ï ¬ ts you. Understanding how you learn can help maximize time you spend studying by incorporating diï ¬â‚¬erent techniques to custom ï ¬ t various subjects, concepts, and learning objectives. Each preferred learning style has methods that ï ¬ t the diï ¬â‚¬erent ways an individual may learn best. Visual (1) Uses visual objects such as graphs, charts, pictures, and seeing information, (2) Can read body language well and has a good perception of aesthetics, (3) Able to memorize and recall various information, (4) Tends to remember things that are written  down, (5) Learns better in lectures by watching them. Auditory (1) Retains information through hearing and speaking, (2) Often prefers to be told how to do things and then summarizes the main points out loud to help with memorization, (3) Notices diï ¬â‚¬erent aspects of speaking, (4) Often has talents in music and may concentrate better with soft music playing in the background. Kinesthetic (1) Likes to use the hands-on approach to learn new material, (2) Is generally good in  math and science, (3) Would rather demonstrate how to do something rather than verbally explain it. In this article the researcher gain ideas and understanding about the learning process of individual. In relation to the researchers proposed project, he will include the three main cognitive learning styles such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic through the form of animation and voice over for the students to help them in their learning style that best ï ¬ ts them. According to the article of Baiyun Chen and Aimee Denoyelles, 2013 entitled †Exploring Students Mobile Learning Practices in Higher Education mobile technologies are playing an increasingly important role in college students academic lives. Devices like smartphones, tablets, and e-book readers connects to the world instantly, heightening access to information and enabling interactivity with others. Application that run on this devices let user not only consume but also discover the produce content. As such, they continue to transform how college student learn, as well as inï ¬â€šuence their learning preferences, both within and outside the classroom. The popularity of mobile technologies among college students in increasing dramatically. Results from the ECAR research study on study suggest that many undergraduate students bring their own digital devices to college, favoring small portable ones such as smartphones and tablets. Although students still  rate laptops (85 percen t) as the most important devices to their academic success, the importance of mobile devices such as tablets (45 percent), smart phones (37 percent), and e-book readers (31 percent) is noticeably on the rise. Increasingly, students say they want the ability to access academic resources on their mobile devices. In fact, 67 percent of students smart phone and tablets are reportedly being used for academic  purposes, a rate that has nearly doubled in just one year. Convenience, ï ¬â€šexibility, engagement, and interactivity are all factors that more attractive to students. With these trends in mind, it is not surprising the New Media Consortiums 2013 Horizon Report predicted that mobile applications and tablet computing will have a time-to-adoption of one year or less in higher education. Many universities now uses mobile technologies and create mobile-optimized versions of their websites or build stand-alone applications that can be downloaded from mobile application stores.6 This article discuss the popularity of mobile technologies among college students, favoring small and portable ones such as smartphones and tablets, and the need to access academic resources on their mobile devices . In relation to the researcher proposed application this can help the college students who are taking P.E 3 in their academic lives, they can use it to access their academic resources using their mobile devices. All the three foreign literature was related to the proposed application of the researcher. This articles will prove that the researchers proposed application will be helpful and useful for the students in their educational attainment. LOCAL STUDY In reference to Agustine, Mona Lisa, et.al 2009 entitled E-Learning System in Computer 1, It is designed for the students in Divine Word College of Legazpi particularly students who are taking computer 1 subject. The students can view and access all the lessons through computer. The system also include computer animations and voice over which informational and interactive. It plays important role in class not just because its new but  supplementary tool in teaching and learning, especially when the instructor are absent. The system was developed so that the  students in the class can still continue their lessons without the presence of their instructor and learn by their own pace. It gives an advantage and diï ¬â‚¬erence between the traditional teaching methods. This reference of study tackles about the signiï ¬ cance of the e-learning for the student taking up computer 1 in Divine Word College of Legazpi. This study give the researcher the idea to also develop a software that will give the students a supplementary tool and help them to learn the subject in their own paces and learn the subject even without the instructor. According to Francis Dino, 2013 entitled Asia Pocket Atlas the proposed system aims to make learning process entertaining for students to encourage them to learn and at the same time teach them to use the technology wisely. This study will help kids learn and explore about Asian continent and have fun as well. This will be a good reference tool not just for the students but also for the teachers. Most mobile applications easily present information will be presented in audio and still-captured images. This study will be a fun and interesting learning experience for the students, teachers, and people who are in the maps.8 This reference of study teach the kids to use the technology wisely and to learn the Asian continent in entertaining and fun way. In relation to the researcher proposed system this will also teach the student to use the technology wisely, they will not just learn the subject P.E 3, but also it will be fun because of the animation and voice over and it will entertain t hem because of the series of test that the application will provide. According to Lino Bajar and Chester Sangal, 2011 entitled Cars and Cows Game Development, the main objective of the system is to produce a computer game  that can enhance and develop mental alertness. The game focuses in preventing hitting the cows and overcome the obstacle in a given level within the users mental alertness and help to develop their practical skills, and serve as a form of exercise.9 In relation to the researcher proposed application, the series of test will also enhance and develop the mental alertness and practical skills of the student, it will also serve as an exercise for them in retaining what they have learned from the subject. All the three local studies give the researcher an additional feature that can be added to the proposed application. It helps the researcher ideas and concepts of what will happen to the application. It also help the researcher through the paces of the process of the application. FOREIGN STUDY From the study of Y. Tanaka et.al in 2012 entitled Usefulness of the Multimedia feedback of the Physical Education using E-learning In recent years, the report that the eï ¬â‚¬ect of instruction increases by utilizing an image for instruction of a sport is carried out in respect of the university physical education (Takamatsu et al., 2000) and in playing sports (Takahashi and Iwashima, 2008) etc. Thus, although it is admitted in general that the feedback using an image is eï ¬â‚¬ective in motor learning, it is diï ¬Æ'cult to feedback to all students in limited class hours. Furthermore, in order to show the image to the outside of school hours, much time and eï ¬â‚¬ort, such as writing out of media, were required. However, in recent years, †e-learning† in which taking an examination and the attendance of a class using the Internet are possible is spreading. The student is able to look at not only a character but an  image by using this. As another merit, if there is internet connection it becomes possible to watch and download the contents of the class anytime and anywhere. The object class was †volleyball† for undergraduate physical education students. The main purpose of this class is the acquisition of the  toss. This class performs 90 minutes once per week, and is performing 15 times in all. We photographed the image of the class with 4-6 digital video camera and edited the image and showed it on e-learning and allowed a student to download the picture freely. In addition, added a caption to the sample image of the drill and a technical commentary image and showed it. We carried out a questionnaire about the multimedia feedback to a study student at the time of the class end. As a result, many positive replies, the image of a class is useful, It was good that I was able to watch my ï ¬ gure by image and to watch an image is useful for skill acquisition etc., were obtained. Moreover, many requests of †liking to see the image of a sample, one’s image, and a skillful student’s image† were also obtained.10 The purpose of this study is to clarify usefulness of performing multimedia feedback which used e-learning in university physical education and it seems that the multimedia feedback using e-learning in physical education helps a technical improvement and a will improvement. In relation to the researcher proposed application, he believes that this study will be eï ¬â‚¬ective and useful to the students in their motor learning and skills acquisition. From the study of Huang, Chun-Hong et.al, 2010 entitled E-learning on Physical education of Utilizing Multimedia Contents In contrast with the traditional instructional method in physical education, the adaptation of computer information technology brings a great number of changes with extensive advantages. According  to this reason, the major purpose of this paper tries to utilize the information technology in order to fabricate physical education courses with multimedia contents integrated with an E-learning Platform. In this project, the major courses provided by platform include sports skill and movement, exercise rule, and injury treatment. The teaching materials and contents of the courses are represented using multimedia information technologies which include video, ï ¬â€šash animation. Instructions on physical education using multimedia information technologies not only motivate classroom atmosphere  but also inspire students’ strong interest in learning and acti ve participation. These advantages may not be supplied by other instructional tools. Via the usage of this physical education E-learning platform, we hope to encourage players to perform eï ¬Æ'cient self-learning for sports skills, indirect foster mutual help, cooperation, and nice norms of law-abiding via the learning of athletic rules, and to become familiar with accurate recreation knowledge as well as ï ¬ rst aid expertise. The study is another discussion about the physical education using e-learning platform. It tackles about the great advantage of physical education when integrated to multimedia information technologies. This study relates to the researcher proposed application that also wants to integrate physical education into information technology because he believes that the advantage of information technology may not be supplied by other instructional tool. The study of Tan-Hsu Tan and Tsung-Yu Liu, 2004 entitled The mobilebased interactive learning environment (MOBILE) and a case study for assisting elementary school English learning This research develops a mobile-based interactive learning environment (MOBILE) for aiding elementary school English learning. The MOBILE consists of a mobile learning server and mobile learning tools, which is able to support in- or outdoor learning activities. Several theme-based mobile learning activities including body parts learning and creation of species are conducted. Experimental results obtained from posttests and questionnaire indicate that the MOBILE can signiï ¬ cantly increase students’ interest and eï ¬â‚¬ect in learning English as compared to the traditional manner.12 This reference of study is discussion about mobile-based interactive learning tool that support in or outdoor learning activities. In relation to the researcher proposed application students will also have a mobile-based interactive learning tool in physical education that will support them in their in and outdoor activities. All three foreign study will show that the researcher proposed application is useful and has a signiï ¬ cance in the  students learning and this will give them advantage and beneï ¬ ts.

Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;The House on Mango Street#8221;

Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;The House on Mango Street#8221; In the book The House on Mango Street in MLA format, titles of books are always underlined., the main character Esperanza, goes from being a young girl with low self-esteem to being a young woman seeking independence. As the reader As readers, the novel allows us to participate in Esperanza’s life as she goes through life changes. Her identity changes, and she begins to change her views on life, herself, and the people that surround her. At the end of the book Esperanza has become more mature and has become more comfortable in her own skin. Good! Esperanza is a young Latina girl that has no feeling of belonging. Her family has moved a couple of times, so she doesn’t get the chance to get close to people. She grows up with a sister and brothers but doesn’t feel too attached to them because of the age differences and because the boys can’t talk to the girls outside of the home. She has very few friends but none seem to be â€Å"true† friends. At the end of the novel Esperanza has done a lot of growing up and has decided not to conform to the stereotypes that are imposed on young Latina girls. In the novel, it is evident that Esperanza is a very shy and insecure girl. She feels very uncomfortable with herself and this leads to the uncomfortable feelings that she experiences when she is around other people. Be careful about overusing â€Å"very.† In most cases you don’t need it at all. She worries a lot about what others think of her and about the house she lives in. When she is at school, she is scared to tell people where she lives because she is ashamed of her house. Although her house is nicer than the place she used to live in, she does not feel content. An example of the inferiority that she feels can be seen in the chapter called, â€Å"The First Job†. Periods and commas are always inside the quotation marks.In this chapter she has begun working and has uncomfortable feelings about lunchtime. Since she doesn’t know anyone, she eats lunch alone because she is too scared to go make friends with her co-workers. Timidness and fear allow for Esperanza to be very naive to others around her that who desire to cause her harm. Esperanza wants so much to have friends that she does just about anything for them. She even thinks about paying people to be her friends. In one instance in Esperanza’s life, she takes money from her younger sister so she can buy a bike with two other girls and they can share it. These girls didn’t want Esperanza to get in on the deal with them because she was there their friend, but because they were five-dollars short. Esperanza is so naÐ ¿ve that she doesn’t see this, comma splice she thinks that the girls want to be her friend. Esperanza’s naivetÐ ¹ leads to some unfortunate situations of betrayal. Esperanza becomes very excited when Sally invites her to the circus. Esperanza thinks she will have fun because she is told that the circus is such a fun place by magazines, movies and Sally. Esperanza is deceived because instead of going to the circus to have fun, she goes to the circus and is raped when Sally leaves her alone with a boy. Esperanza’s perception of herself is very negative. Although just about every young adolescent girl goes through a stage when they watch pronoun agreement, you have girl-they feel unattractive, brainless, and insecure Esperanza seems to feel all these emotions in a large degree. She seems so unhappy with her life that at times I thought avoid the â€Å"I† statements the book would end with her committing suicide. I think that a lot of the emotions that she is feeling are because she doesn’t seem to have any family support or any positive role models. It is hard to keep your head on straight when your family shines you off, you don’t have any close friends to talk to, and most of the time you hold things inside. She has such a pessimistic outlook on life that she is causing herself pain. Esperanza comes to a realization that the world isn’t nice and pretty with the help of a music box. She thinks of it as a beautiful box with beautiful flowers painted on it and then realizes that the music box is also deceiving. It is just an old wood box with holes in it. She thinks of the music box as something synonymous to life. She blames herself for being stupid and thinking that life is great when in reality it is not. Esperanza’s personality is also due to the gender separation that she experiences. Her brothers Kiki and Carlos are close run on sentence she says there their relationship is one of comrades, very different than the relationship she has with her sister Nenny. Esperanza describes her relationship with Nenny as them being playmates; Nenny is â€Å"too young to be my friend† (Cisneros 8).† Watch the placement of your quotation marks. The citation is inside the period, but outside the quotation marks. Esperanza is very aware of how alone she is when she compares herself to a â€Å"red balloon, a red balloon tied to an anchor† (Cisneros 9)†. She sees herself different from everyone and thinks she is raised high like the balloon so that everyone can see and judge her. The anchor that is tied to the balloon is Nenny. Esperanza isn’t just Nanny’s playmate but she is also responsible for taking care of Nenny, which she feels, is an anchor that is keeping from making friends. Though Esperanza is a young girl with low self-esteem, she is still very optimistic of one day having a â€Å"house of her own†, one she can be proud of. She decides to fight the war against machismo and be a woman that doesn’t need a man to take care of her. She refuses to neither either tame herself nor or wait for a husband, and this rebellion is reflected in her leaving the â€Å"table like a man, without putting back the chair or picking up the plate (Cisneros 89).† By doing this Esperanza is maintaining her own power and is challenging the cultural and social expectations one she is supposed to fulfill. She wants to create her own individuality by making the decision to not â€Å" lay (her) neck on the threshold waiting for the ball and chain (Cisneros 88).† Esperanza is not like the typical Latina who grows up in a big city whose goal is to grow up to be a wife and mother. She doesn’t want to fit the typical role instead she wants to become i ndependent from the stereotypes that are imposed on her by Latin society. Through out the story Esperanza begins by having an â€Å"anchor†, and then as she grows up and matures she refuses to have a â€Å"ball and chain.† She changes in the story and goes from being a young shy girl that doesn’t belong to a young self-empowered woman. She well not allow herself to fall into society and will fight the war against machismo. Although through the whole novel Experanza wants to leave her house on Mango Street, at the end we find out that she does want to come back. Esperanza wants to come back and help those that won’t be so as lucky as she is to leave Mango Street. She is aware that she can never leave Mango Street because it is part of her roots and has influenced her dreams and her personality. The fact that she now realizes this shows how much she has matured. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on The House on Mango Street topics from our professional custom essay writing service which provides high-quality custom written papers.

Author Interview #1 †Jane Davis

Author Interview #1 - Jane Davis Author Interview #1 - Jane Davis We’ve had the pleasure of interviewing some great freelancers from inside the industry. And while we’ve learned a great deal about the practicalities of writing, we were left wanting to hear from the other side of the creative process - the writer themselves.Well, good news everyone! We’re now going to be featuring interviews with some of the indie author scene’s established darlings and rising stars. We’ll be talking about how it feels to be at the vanguard of the movement, what they’ve learned getting here, and how they make it work.Our first interview is with Jane Davis, author of, among other things, ‘Half-truths and White Lies’ and  'An Unchoreographed Life.’REEDSY: I was just enjoying the extract you have on your site from An Unchoreographed LifeJANE DAVIS: Thank you. While I shy away from the label ‘Women’s Fiction’ I think of that novel as the most ‘Women’s Fiction’ thing I ’ve written. Although, having said that, one of the last reviews I had was from a single father saying much how he related to it, and that was very interesting.REEDSY: I’ve never really ‘got’ the whole idea of there being a label ‘Women’s Fiction’ - it seems to not say much about the work it describes.JD: Sometimes fiction gets pigeonholed with inappropriate labels. That was my problem with ‘Half-truths and White Lies’. I was pigeonholed as an author of Women’s Fiction, and I’ve massively shyed away from that since. But maybe I’ve come full-circle. Prostitution was an issue I wanted to address at the time when changes in the law were proposed, but since it’s such a sensitive issue, I chose to address it from the point of view of a mother/daughter relationship.REEDSY: So how do you describe your writing?JD: Well, it’s been called literary, but I’m slightly embarrassed by that. I thi nk it has this connotation of being highbrow and inaccessible. For me, my fiction is all about the characters. I put them in these terrible scenarios and feed them to the lions. I try to write sympathetic characters but then I make terrible things happen to them!So I suppose I write contemporary-stroke-literary. I put the label, ‘historical’ on ‘I Stopped Time,’ my homage to the pioneers of photography and it’s consistently been my best-seller. I think that’s because historical fiction is a label people relate to more than ‘literary’ or ‘contemporary’. They know where ‘historical’ sits. ‘I Stopped Time’ is actually a time-lapse novel, which goes between the present day and the lifetime of a woman who lived to the age of 108. But with the ‘historical’ label, people have an expectation of what they’re going to get - whereas ‘literary’ can be quite off-putting. S ome people I interview describe their work as ‘general fiction’ - I don’t have a feel for what that means either.REEDSY: It’s a sort of negative definition - telling you basically nothing†¦JD: I think the fact that my fiction is cross-genre - that I think of myself as a brand - is a large part of why being an indie author suits me. Random House didn’t take my follow-up to ‘Half-Truths and White Lies,’ because it wasn’t ‘Women’s Fiction’ and they had published me under their Black Swan imprint, which is exclusively for Women’s Fiction. I simply wasn’t aware of the implications. But at that point I wasn’t thinking long term. I had won a competition and was happy to be published, however that came about.I saw Adele Parks speak at the London Author Fair. She told us that when she was first published, she was given the choice of marketing her fiction as commercial or literary, and when she asked what the difference was, she was told, â€Å"Well, literary sells 7,000 copies and commercial sells 70,000 copies.† I’d not heard it in terms as blunt as that before, but I don’t think those figures were unusual in those days. Of course, post-2008, book sales have taken a nose-dive.REEDSY: Can literary fiction work without the support of a publisher? One argument against self-publishing goes that it can only sustain work that meets certain standards of viability in terms of sales. How do you find it?JD: I’ve only been doing this for two years, but my sales figures have only really pushed upwards with cross-selling. When people buy one of my books they do seem to come back and buy all of them. I’m not selling in big numbers by any means. I’m willing to give books away in order to hook readers†¦As for traditionally published authors, I’ve spoken to a few who are thinking of going indie when their deals come up for renewal. M ost are under two book contracts and they hear rumours that those contracts won’t be renewed under the same terms, and there’s also a great deal of dissatisfaction from the authors themselves about the lack of marketing support offered by publishers. Advances are also considerably lower. When I was at the London Book Fair this year, I was hearing about figures of  £5000 for one book or  £8000 for two books. Take from that the cost of marketing and there’s not a lot left in the pot.However, the authors I have met on the speaking circuit still firmly believe that bookshops are their realm. Are you familiar with the ALLi’s ‘Open up to Indies’ campaign?’ I’ve been going out and talking in bookshops and libraries, sometimes pairing up with traditionally published authors, because bringing a crowd puller obviously helps to opens doors. The estimates are that 70% of books will be self-published by 2020. It’s very difficult t o think that bookshops will only want to offer 30% of what’s available. And it’s quite clear that the 70% is going to include books by some of the authors bookshops and libraries currently stock. A stance against stocking self-published fiction is plainly unrealistic, but authors need to put themselves in the places of booksellers and librarians. Quality control is an issue that concerns them.REEDSY: I feel like the myth of the uniformly low quality of indie books is starting to die out†¦ slowly, but it’s fading.JD: I hope so. I use accreditation services that give a clear indication that my books have passed rigorous assessment. And the rise of small presses of course is continuing . Their publications are performing very well in competitions, very well. I went to a book launch this week for an author who has just been snapped up by a small publisher, Burning Eye Books. They publish mainly poetry. In fact, this is their first fiction title. Alice Furse sel f-published in January and they approached her. I think she’ll do very well out of it because they only have one fiction author to promote right now, and having that concentration of force behind you is fantastic. It’s the kind of support you might expect from an agent but wouldn’t normally get from a publisher.Author collectives are also enjoying a great deal of success. Having a name and collective power helps. I didn’t have enough forethought to do any of those things! I went ahead and published under my own name - I think I’d do things slightly differently now.REEDSY: What would you do differently?JD: More preparation. It’s too easy to publish. Don’t push the button unless you’re absolutely certain that the work is as good as it can possibly be. The problem is you’re too close to the book to judge that yourself - even though I used a copy editor and several proofreaders, my first self-published book went out with 13 typos in it. It’s easy to update it if you’ve got the control of the manuscript, but actually I was quite embarrassed that there was a first edition out there†¦ The money I spent on printing books that I then ditched would have been better spent on a further proofread. Because of course you can’t just hire one copy editor and one proofreader. The process needs multiple pairs of eyes.I think that rather than use the free ISBNs offered by self-publishing services, having ISBNs registered under your own name - so that you are shown as the publisher of your own work - helps. When you go to a bookshop there isn’t the ‘Amazon prejudice.’ I don’t put an awful lot of energy into getting my books onto shelves, because it’s very hard for me to break even on the percentages I’m offered, and the sale or return model doesn’t work for most indie authors. Then there’s the question of staying stocked. Even when I was t raditionally published, bookstores didn’t stock my title automatically. I had to go into branches week after week saying â€Å"Right, you’ve sold the copies you had on the shelves, can you order more?† It’s very time-consuming. A couple of indie shops stock my book, and they are amazingly supportive. When I’ve done talks at Waterstones they’ve been happy to stock my books on the night, but they wouldn’t ordinarily because I publish via Createspace. As a result of being in the Smashwords Premium Catalogue, my paperbacks are now available online with WH Smiths and Blackwells now, which was a surprise, so maybe the tide is turning. In the future I’ll think about buying my own ISBN and register it under my own name.Since joining ALLi I’ve become a lot more aware of these issues - all the little things which might hold you back.REEDSY: How much of your time now do you spend on writing vs managing the self-publishing element?J D: I’m quite active on social media. I had a lot of talks over the summer, which took time to set up. It’s not a case of going into a library and they’ll ask you to come along in the next month. Sometimes the impact of the ground work you’re doing comes one or two years down the line. I think, in all honesty, I spend more than 50% of my time on things like social media, sharing content, interviewing authors for my website†¦ Of all of those activities, interviewing authors has been the most helpful. Initially I approached everyone who appeared on the Guardian’s list of the top 30 indie books of 2013. There’s a very supportive community of indie authors out there. Interviews take up quite a lot of time, but I think they’re incredibly worthwhile. You don’t get immediate rewards, but an author you have interviewed might perhaps read and review your books, or offer a return interview†¦My third indie release was in November 2013. I had no publicity, so it was a very soft launch. April 2014 I released ‘An Unchoreographed Life’, and I was inundated with offers from people offering me guest blog posts, interviews, etc. The difference was that I had offered that facility to other authors. It’s very much a reciprocal thing. So marketing is not always direct marketing. It’s the soft-sell and building brand awareness. I’d say more than 50% of my time is spent on it - I wouldn’t want to say how much more than 50%!REEDSY: Would you think about outsourcing the marketing at some point?JD: Well, I have no budget. I recently relaunched my website and paid The Curved House to design it. I think it was money well-spent, even though it will knock out any profit I might have made next year. My original website had been built for one book, and I had tweaked it over time, but the look wasn’t cohesive. Now, it will be easier to add to, and I’m glad I’ve invest ed the money. But my budget is generally minimal. I often barter with people, offering to help out in exchange for return services.REEDSY: How about production?JD: I try to stick to a budget of  £1000 -  £1500. I think that’s a sensible level because only 5% of books sell more than 1000 copies. Interestingly, most authors I know aren’t making money from their sales, they make it from other services they offer.In terms of where I spend the money, my cover designs are really important to me. They are my brand. None of them have cost very much. I use a graphic designer. I come up with the design myself, and he executes it.  I also use a team of beta readers who have more or less replaced the need for a structural edit (something I used to pay for), and a copy editor and a proofreader. The typesetting and e-book conversion I do myself. In addition to writing my own stuff, I also do work for other authors as part of bartering process.REEDSY: Are there services you see authors being tempted to neglect?JD: It’s not always a question of ‘neglecting’ services. You have to look at the reasons behind choices. I know some authors who are very against using a copyeditor, not because they’re ‘unprofessional,’ but because they’re very anti-censorship and see using a copyeditor as a form of that. However, if your reason for not using a copy editor or a proofreader is lack of funds - I would say think again. Save the money and invest or decide what skills you have that you can offer someone else.When you’re starting out it’s tremendously hard but I’ve had massive support, even before I was a member of ALLi. Not necessarily from my writer’s group. You’re not a novelty there, everyone’s got a book they want readers for - but the Keep Fit group I’ve been going to for 25 years. I’ve found some fantastic beta readers and proofreaders there. The thing is not to be afraid to ask for help. There’s a great TED lecture by Amanda Palmer about the power of asking, and people want to be involved in a project, especially one where they can use skills that they don’t get the chance to use at work. My beta readers work for no more than a mention in the back of the book, maybe a coffee and a cake to talk about how the book made them feel. It’s not all about spending money. It’s about investing your budget in the right places and collaborating with a team you respect. It’s a mistake to think ‘expensive’ means ‘quality.’ Some of the services I have been happiest with have cost me nothing at all.REEDSY: Thank you for your time Jane

How to Improve Ones Study Skills

How to Improve Ones Study Skills When it comes to excelling at the college/university level, students must focus on developing their study skills. It’s often called the â€Å"great equalizer† – because it guarantees good grades, regardless of one’s intelligence, aptitude or any other skills students have developed in their academic career. But too many students are not taught how to study effectively. For example, students are told note-taking helps them prepare for a test, though few are taught exactly how to do so. It comes down to them learning what works best for them over time. Here are 8  proven study tips to help students prepare for tests:   Study for no longer than an hour at a time without taking a break. Not only does this make better use of one’s time while studying, psychologists have learned that people learn best in short takes. Also, even when someone is not studying, their mind subconsciously works to absorb what they have previously studied, learned or been exposed to.   Separate the study of subjects that are similar in nature. The student can avoid interference and confusion if they, for example, were to study Spanish or history after studying math – and not Chemistry, with includes mathematics.   Avoid studying when tired. This has proven to be counter-productive; the student doesn’t accomplish anything when their brain is not fresh. In this case, when they are tired, physical activity and taking part in recreation is advised.   Memorize actively, not passively. The worst way to memorize is simply reading something over and over again. Instead, the student should use their senses. They can try to visualize the material they’re learning in concrete terms; they can say certain words aloud, listening as they are saying them. They can also use association – or relating the fact to be learned to something personally significant, or find a logical tie-in. Also, use mnemonic devices: ROYGBIV, for the colors of the rainbow.   Study while reading. Follow the OK4R method devised by Dr. Walter Pauk: O = Overview. Read a book or passage’s title, intro and summarizing paragraphs and headings to get a general idea of what’s being discussed; K = Key Ideas. Skim the text for key ideas, usually found in the first sentences of each paragraph; read italics and bold type, bulleted sections, itemizations, pictures, tables; R1 = Read assignments from beginning to end; R2 = Recall. Put aside the text and recall, whether mentally, verbally or in writing, the major points put forth in the text; R3 = Reflect. This helps fix the material in the student’s mind, to cement it there for long-term use, through finding relationships and significance; R4 = Review, but not right away. This comes with studying, either for a short quiz, a test, or exam at a later date.   Decide what to study and for how long. Studying the wrong thing for any period of time is, well, a waste of time.   Do difficult tasks first. To avoid procrastinating on studying for the hardest subjects, it helps to end a study session by focusing on the simpler and more interesting ones.   Use longer time/study periods for organizing relationships and concepts, as well as for outlining and writing papers, if necessary. Use shorter study periods for â€Å"rote† memorization (mechanical or habitual repetition of something to be learned), to review content, and for self-testing one’s knowledge on a given subject. Following these simple steps will ensure a significant boost in your academic performance. Dont try to follow each of them at once, its best to take one step at a time. Pick one technique and work with it until you understand if it works for you and how effective it is. Eventually you will learn to combine these steps and acquiring new information will become a piece of cake for you. Good luck with your studies, and remember should you need any academic assistance, is always happy to help!

Employment Law Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Employment Law Issues - Essay Example Despite hospitality industry best efforts to minimize the incidents of employment-related discrimination charges in the workplace, the number of discrimination charges lodged against the industry in on the increase. Majority of the EEOC cases revolve around not just grievances of harassment but also relating to retaliation where the complaining employee was forced to quit or fired due to hostile work atmosphere. In the majority of the cases, there are harassment charges mingled together with retaliation charges. In such cases, employees can seek both compensatory and punitive charges as this will increase the not only the amount of payoff but also employer’s liability. Denny’s Inc is a famous food chain restaurant in the U.S.A. However, in 1994 and recently also, it witnessed a host of racial discrimination cases and it settled these issues by paying whooping compensation amount to claimants. This research essay analyses how Denny’s Inc, is a famous restaurant chain witnessed a host of discrimination in employment litigations including racial, sexual and disability discrimination litigations and what are lessons learned by it in detail. â€Å"The Civil Rights Act of 1964† deals with numerous disciplines of discrimination from education to voting. The coverage of employment aspects falls under Title VII which prohibits discrimination in all features of employment footed on â€Å"religious faith, gender, race, nationality, and color,† The discrimination in the workplace was present widely and hence Congress took the unprecedented decision not to permit jury trial in Title VII cases. Hence, enforcement of Title VII was assigned to federal judges. It is really shocking to note that in the early years, some of the judges who heard indiscrimination cases were murdered due to their efforts o transform the world.

Relational database solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Relational database solution - Essay Example Therefore this need has led to introduction of various data storage solutions. One very well known model for database management is the rational database solution. A relational data base can be explained or defined as a collection of data or information. The data is then stored in tables where it can be accessed or rearranged in different ways without changing the arrangement of the tables. Relational data base was invented in the 1970 by Edgar Codd at IBM Harrington (2004). The relational database management system is based on the relational model theory. A relational database model has a set of tables which are designed to hold data after collection. The data is arranged and put in categories which have a set order. Each of the tables which are also known as a relation has either one or more data groups in columns. Every row has a set of data for each of the categories and is defined by the columns Harrington (2004). A good example is when an entry in a normal business order database has a table that gives a description of a customer which includes columns for the name, an address and a phone number. In addition there can be another table describing an order with columns for; the product name, date, customer name, the sales price. Therefore any person assigned to use the database can get access the database depending on what information they want to gather. For example a branch office manager might want to view a report on company clients that have bought either a product or a service in a particular date. Many of today’s businesses rely on their database systems for accurate and up to date information Suad (2005). Without this much needed information business organizations find themselves in tough situations such as strategic planning as well as corporate decision making. On the other hand for it to be useful to a business organization or a firm, it must be accurate, complete and organized in such a way that data can be retrieved when needed and in

Do the courts (judges) make policy Should they Essay

Do the courts (judges) make policy Should they - Essay Example This has made it possible to make rulings that are up to the time, and work in favor of the situation at hand. Judicial activism should exist in order to allow courts make decisions without fear of reprisal or reprimand from policy makers, who tend to pass the buck whenever things are tough. It is sometimes difficult to put the blame on judges once they make a ruling on certain cases, especially after being thrown some of the hardest choices in legislations they sometimes have to contend with. Policy makers are always quick to spinelessly punt the courts with the toughest legislations hoping that they might make decisions to the best of their ability. Unfortunately, they are the first individuals to criticize and chastise the courts for their efforts whenever things go awry. The formulation of ambiguous legislation in most areas of the United States is what leads individuals to believe that judicial activism should exist in order to bring some sanity to the justice system. It is my belief that the courts (judges) make policy in a bid to shed some light on some of the ambiguous statutes that exist (Taylor, 2009). This paper will examine how judicial activism is exhibited in most courts, and how this aids the judicial system in its everyday functions. Every time a judge makes decisions based on the ambiguous statutes passed by the legislature, or gives contradicting facts about certain issues, the court (judge) is said to be engaging in judicial activism. For every defendant that is sent to trial, judicial activism comes into play. The truth of the matter is courts, especially courts of appeal, deal with numerous and countless ambiguous legislations. This means that in the passing of judgment, it may be next to impossible to pinpoint which area exactly the law should be implemented, and how it should be applied (Stone, 2012). In most cases, there is a lot to interpret, which means that judges have to make the call on what

Economic Inequalities in The United States Research Paper

Economic Inequalities in The United States - Research Paper Example The wish of most Americans is to bring the economic equality to an end. The society has been involved in the search of the possible social solutions to the increased inequality. The possible solutions include reducing taxes on the income of the low class group, increased taxes on the wealth and income of the high class group and adjusting the social security tax. Social nature of the problem Economic inequality exists in the United States due individuals having varied amount of money, power or even prestige. This problem creates different social classes among the people. Individuals in higher classes enjoy higher income and have continued to accumulate their wealth, while the lower class individuals in the society incur higher rates of taxes on their low income. As inequality in terms of resources widens, individuals with more wealth have become powerful and are be able to attain their goals. They will be able to accomplish their vested interests at the expense of the lower social cl ass individuals. They are also influential in the society and are powerfully in making different decisions. Inequality in income results from several causes, some of these causes are relatively clear, others unknown and others are still under dispute. The basic cause of household income inequality at a structural level is variations in the yearly hours worked per household. It can be broken down into the product of the total number of workers, the yearly weeks worked and the weekly hours worked. This is a very significant factor among individuals in the lower class level. However, it remains minor among individuals who belong to the higher class. Beyond the total hours individuals have worked, income inequality arises out of; the variation of the income rates per hour and the income which has not been earned, these differences is mainly due to differences in the education level. Income inequality is common in the United States due to the variation of an individual position in terms of responsibility, its importance and the complexity. Income remains to be a common form of compensation. In most cases the market value is reduced by abundant supply hence, income is increased significantly by the possession of scarce skills. The most common source of income among the lower class individuals in America is not occupation but the government welfare. Causes of the problem There are several causes of economic inequality in the United States. These include; difference in the individual’s wealth and income, most individuals depends on the income they get from their jobs. Others however, benefits from both their job’s income and their wealth. The big problem is that those with higher sources of income get larger percentage of increase than those with little income. The wealthy are able to accumulate their wealth and income for several years unlike those with little income and no wealth. This creates a wide gap between the two groups of individuals. Those who are wealthy are in a position to vie for political offices and invest more money in order to win. They will also be able to interact with other individuals of the same class and who also have similar power and interests. Another cause of inequality in the capitalistic society is that there is an existing belief that the government influence has to be maintained at a minimal level (Sen and Foster1997). When the

Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Research Paper

Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Administration - Research Paper Example Kerr (1975) presents a wide-reaching warning about the efficacy of reward systems that do not understand the knowledge or motivations of the individuals (or the society) the reward system hopes to incentivize toward some course of action. In order to draw attention to the scope of this problem, the author utilizes examples from politics, organizations, and profit-making firms, even though his intended audience is only concerned with the latter. By using examples from politics, however, the author’s analysis opens up avenues of investigation related to public administration, particularly criminal justice administration and the incentives it hopes to provide for mending the behaviors of convicted persons. Given the importance of preventing criminal recidivism and the economic impacts of fewer people in jails, it is no surprise that public administration officials would be interested in ways to realign their reward systems toward the knowledge or motivations of individuals. With those considerations in mind, this paper hopes to survey some of the problems that occur when reward systems in criminal justice work against the needs and wants of administrators, and how administrators can prevent that from happening. Employees are very good at figuring out what gets rewarded in the workplace and doing those things instead of what they are officially told to do. â€Å"Employee ambivalence† occurs when the explicit norms or desires of an organization come into conflict with the content of the reward systems and the norms generated by that system. An example of such a conflict might be when a company encourages employees to follow the rules, but also to be effective in their job—getting their responsibilities done any way they can. So, despite the wish for ethical behavior from upper management, cutthroat behavior might be ultimately what gets rewarded (Spencer & Sims, 1995, p. 190). And once a single individual figures out how to get rewarded, the pre ssure falls on his colleagues or else fall behind. Only a single violation from a single individual can expose a deep, underlying problem within a reward system. A specific application of Kerr (1975)’s analysis of problematic reward systems is contained within a study of prosecutorial misconduct. Bibas (2009) discusses possible ways to regulate the conduct of prosecutors, who the author believes have the most unreviewable power or discretion of any public official. Embedded in this analysis is a response to potential reward systems for prosecutors based on financial gains. For example, one perspective offers the solution of rewarding prosecutors whose initial charges closely match the charges the criminal was convicted upon. However, keeping in mind Kerr (1975)’s warning that what one measures is what one gets, â€Å"sizable monetary rewards for particular statistics could lead prosecutors to undercharge rather than overcharge and to plea bargain to avoid losing rewar ds for ethical misconduct† (Bibas, 2009, p. 156). Thus, the opposite problem arises out of the solution for the original problem, which is particularly important to bear in mind when creating reward systems for individuals within the criminal justice system. Manipulable and inflatable quantifiable statistics often define the effectiveness of prosecutors, which poses a problem for effective reward systems based on performance. Also, reward systems that become overused tend to produce the opposite effect of rewarding the right behaviors. In other words, the more rewards

On Orientalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Orientalism - Essay Example Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism is divided into six sections and each of them is summarized below: The Repertory of Orientalism: According to Edward Said there exists an organized form of writing that permeate ‘a kind of repertory of images’ where the East has been depicted as â€Å"a kind of mysterious place full of secrets and monsters† (Said). Historians very often used to refer to â€Å"the Marvels of the East†. These representations have nothing to do with the actual reality. Thus, said argues that one can never find realistic representations of the Orient whether it is in painting, literature, music or in any other art forms. Similarly, the descriptions of the Arabs by experts in books spread the same images whether they are written in the nineteenth or twentieth century. Thus, it can be observed that there is a misconception that the Arabs and the people in the Middle East do not develop like the Westerners. These writings thus portray â€Å"a kind of image of the timeless Orient, as if the Orient, unlike the West, doesnt develop, it stays the s ame† (Said). One can clearly observe that these representations of the orient contradict themselves with history and can be understood as the mere creation of Europeans. Orientalism & Empire: For Said, Orientalism is constructed within ‘the history of imperial conquest’ and for him Napoleons conquest of Egypt in 1798 has paved the way for a ‘new kind of imperial and colonial conquest, that inaugurates the project of Orientalism† (Said). It can be seen that the imperialists who conquered colonies in the East recorded a so-called history of those nations designed for the Europeans rather for the native colonists. On the other hand, one cannot find a Western history that is pioneered or written by the orients. American Orientalism: Said here purports that the American experience of the Orient

Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Research Paper

Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Administration - Research Paper Example Kerr (1975) presents a wide-reaching warning about the efficacy of reward systems that do not understand the knowledge or motivations of the individuals (or the society) the reward system hopes to incentivize toward some course of action. In order to draw attention to the scope of this problem, the author utilizes examples from politics, organizations, and profit-making firms, even though his intended audience is only concerned with the latter. By using examples from politics, however, the author’s analysis opens up avenues of investigation related to public administration, particularly criminal justice administration and the incentives it hopes to provide for mending the behaviors of convicted persons. Given the importance of preventing criminal recidivism and the economic impacts of fewer people in jails, it is no surprise that public administration officials would be interested in ways to realign their reward systems toward the knowledge or motivations of individuals. With those considerations in mind, this paper hopes to survey some of the problems that occur when reward systems in criminal justice work against the needs and wants of administrators, and how administrators can prevent that from happening. Employees are very good at figuring out what gets rewarded in the workplace and doing those things instead of what they are officially told to do. â€Å"Employee ambivalence† occurs when the explicit norms or desires of an organization come into conflict with the content of the reward systems and the norms generated by that system. An example of such a conflict might be when a company encourages employees to follow the rules, but also to be effective in their job—getting their responsibilities done any way they can. So, despite the wish for ethical behavior from upper management, cutthroat behavior might be ultimately what gets rewarded (Spencer & Sims, 1995, p. 190). And once a single individual figures out how to get rewarded, the pre ssure falls on his colleagues or else fall behind. Only a single violation from a single individual can expose a deep, underlying problem within a reward system. A specific application of Kerr (1975)’s analysis of problematic reward systems is contained within a study of prosecutorial misconduct. Bibas (2009) discusses possible ways to regulate the conduct of prosecutors, who the author believes have the most unreviewable power or discretion of any public official. Embedded in this analysis is a response to potential reward systems for prosecutors based on financial gains. For example, one perspective offers the solution of rewarding prosecutors whose initial charges closely match the charges the criminal was convicted upon. However, keeping in mind Kerr (1975)’s warning that what one measures is what one gets, â€Å"sizable monetary rewards for particular statistics could lead prosecutors to undercharge rather than overcharge and to plea bargain to avoid losing rewar ds for ethical misconduct† (Bibas, 2009, p. 156). Thus, the opposite problem arises out of the solution for the original problem, which is particularly important to bear in mind when creating reward systems for individuals within the criminal justice system. Manipulable and inflatable quantifiable statistics often define the effectiveness of prosecutors, which poses a problem for effective reward systems based on performance. Also, reward systems that become overused tend to produce the opposite effect of rewarding the right behaviors. In other words, the more rewards

The Reasons Why Abortion Should Not Be Legalized Essay

The Reasons Why Abortion Should Not Be Legalized - Essay Example Some countries recognize abortion, while in others, it is deemed illegal. In any case, abortion is a controversial topic because it is regarded as a serious moral issue. As such, this argumentative paper seeks to critique an op-ed paper by Anton which is entitled, â€Å"Abortion Should Be Legal†. Antoni argues that the choice to have an abortion or not should be left to the women concerned. However, he also suggested that abortion should be illegal. The author of this paper’s stand is to make abortion illegal except for unusual circumstances which will be discussed in this paper. This paper will start by summarising the points made in this op-ed paper. The second part seeks to critique why abortion should not be legalised. A synthesis of the whole discussion will be carried out at the end of the paper in order to articulate the position taken by this writer. According to the Antoni’s op-ed article entitled â€Å"Abortion Should be Legal†, there are differe nt reasons why women should be given the opportunity to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Mandy Warton supports Antoni’s view of free choice to abort (6) and suggests that abortion should be seen as the last resort for women to gain control of their lives after horrific situations leading to their pregnancies. In some cases, pregnancy is a result of incest or rape. It is advocated that the woman should have a choice of terminating the pregnancy in such a situation. ... In some circumstances, pregnancy may be terminated if it endangers the life of the fetus or the mother, and the author shares this view. It may not be a noble idea to have a deformed child as he or she may not enjoy the life of a normal human being. In some instances, if the life of the mother is endangered as a result of the pregnancy, it can be terminated to avoid death. However, in most instances, pregnancies are not a result of accident or crime. Teen pregnancies in particular are very common in different societies. In America, it is estimated that more than one million teenagers get pregnant each year (Gutman 2). According to the information obtained from this website, Teen pregnancy rates in USA, the US has the highest number of teen pregnancies in the industrialized world. Whilst there are about 750,000 teen pregnancies reported annually, about eight out of ten of these pregnancies are not planned (http://www.livestrong.com/article/12504-teen-pregnancy-rates-usa/). It can ther efore be strongly argued that abortion is not a solution to unwanted pregnancies. The root cause of unwanted pregnancies should be addressed, which brings the author to the suggestion that abortion should not be legalized in these cases. It can also be seen that the trend of increased teen pregnancies is similar in many other countries where youths in particular get involved in sexual activities without properly considering the consequences. According to statistics given above, it is unimaginable that close to a million lives can be terminated through abortion as a result of reckless behavior by the teenagers. Carelessness is the main root cause of teen pregnancies given that some of them have misguided conceptions that

Cadburys Business Assignment Essay Example for Free

Cadburys Business Assignment Essay The business that I have chosen to is Cadburys I have chosen to use the product will it is a well knows product that many people know and love, I have chosen this product because it has a very wide range of target audience and Cadburys is a well known business so information will be easy to access and to gather. The nature of the business is simple it is to provide sugary treats to the public the main target audience I would say would be children I would say from the ages of 4 onwards, the customers would be every one that likes chocolate they have a wide range of products such a cream egg this would appeal more to children than adults I would say as they adverts and the angle of the marketing addresses to children’s humour and to the nature of the commercial side of the business were as the product such a a dairy milk bar would appeal to a wider range of people such as adults as its simple and has very little child like qualities. The business brings out new products quite often so this would build on the companies reputation and would also help its sales figures as new products appeal to the customers curious nature as if a new product comes out that is advertised well, will make you want to try it and see what it is like, as Cadburys have a wide range of products there is pretty much a product for every one so the target audience is vast. Because of its large product range it will have more customers and because it has been around a long time this would mean that allot of people would have known about it and there for the audience and the people that buy the product will be greater than new businesses or newer businesses such as galaxy. The business Cadburys has existed since 1842 this shows the public that the business is a reliable and trust worthy business and obviously has a good range of products. Cadburys was founded almost 200 years ago and was opened by john Cadburys on bull street in Birmingham in 1824, he started of by making drinking chocolate then expanded by making chocolate and other products. Cadburys is a plc so it is a private limited company so this means it has public shares so the public would be involved in the business. The business is not based anywhere anymore but has business every were and this would make it a world wide company. The main competitors would be businesses such as galaxy and nesquik and other chocolate and sweat manufactures. My companies corporate aims would be to be able to make a healthy profit and be able to keep the business running at a high standard. The objectives of the business would be to be making lots of good quality chocolate and to be always be improving the quality of the chocolate and the recipes, other objectives would be to make their business fully fair trade as this would help the reputation of the business. Another objective would be to expand the business to have lots of stores world wide to increase the popularity of the business, doing this the business would need to make sure that they will be able to survive the market and make it an on going business. To create chocolate that appeals to all ages of the audience they do this by making sure that all of their ingredients are all at a high quality standard this includes fair trade products this would make their products more appealable to their target audience. Due to the nature of the business i think that they should cover some of the gaps such as creating more new products and possibly placing more Cadburys shop around the less populated areas around the country. I also feel as if Cadburys aims and objective are to do with the cream egg are easy and do able and make them accessible to smaller areas and smaller businesses such as corner shops. I have chosen Cadburys Cream Egg for my product that I am researching throughout my assignments, I have chosen this product as it is a noticed and a very well known brand and this product has been out for a while so there would be information to follow up on and to research about, this will be helpful with completing my assignments that I have been given, I have managed to find out allot about this business and this product so I am pleased with my decision. I am going to be finding out about the general aims and objectives for my chosen product that the business has set, I will also be discovering the SMART rule and I will be providing the basis for my marketing plan. I will be introducing this by using sections of the brief to make my plan, also researching the business. Cadburys used to be a family business and was running smoothly until the company went bankrupt in march 2010, since this Cadbury was acquired by Kraft Foods in March 2010. Kraft foods is an American based company that specializes in food such as chocolate and beverages. Kraft foods is a exceedingly good business earning around 1 billion dollars each year, and sells to over 170 different countries. Kraft foods is a public limited company. An aim is where the business wants to go in the future, its goals. It is a statement of purpose, e.g. we want to grow the business. A business aim is the goal a business wants to achieve. A primary aim for all business organizations is to add value and in the private sector this involves making a profit. More strategic aims include expansion, market leadership and brand building. A business o Objectives within an organization are established at a number of levels from top level corporate objectives, down to team objectives and individual objectives that create a framework for operational activities. These are often translated into targets which help to motivate staff in reaching short-term goals. Objectives therefore provide a clear structure for all of the various activities that an organization carries out. By measuring how well an objective has or has not been achieved, managers can make necessary changes to their activities to ensure progress and achievement of the stated objectives are made within the timescale allocated objective is a detailed picture of a step you plan to take in order to achieve a stated aim. A way to create this would to use the SMART rule.. Specific clear and easy to understand. Measurable i.e. able to be quantified. Achievable possible to be attained. Realistic not pie in the sky. Time bound associated with a specific time period For example. The aims of Cadburys are 1. Improving farmer incomes by helping farms to increase their yields and produce top quality beans. 2. Introducing new sources of rural income through microfinance and business support to kick start new rural businesses and introduce additional income streams such as growing other crops. Developing communities by helping them meet their own goals and improve rural life. For example, by supporting health through building wells for clean, safe water; education, through schools and libraries; and the environment through bio-diversity projects. 4. Working in partnership a pioneering model led from the grass roots. Farmers, governments, NGOs and international agencies work together to decide how the funding is spent and work with local organizations to turn plans into action. Cadbury is an international company that make, market and sell exclusive brands chocolate. Cadbury have achieved this effectively for over 200 years. The reason they are so successful is because they have a apparent and a clear understanding of the requirements and needs of their consumers, customers and other stakeholders. SMART stands for .. †¢Specific †¢Measurable †¢Achievable †¢Realistic †¢Timed Smart means objectives- they break up the aim into small do able task’s to make the job easier and achievable. Specific – Objectives should specify what they want to achieve, For example a soft drinks company may want to achieve 3% market share in 12 months. Measurable – You should be able to measure whether you are meeting the objectives or not to continue to run your business in a organised and professional manor, for example a market share over 12 months means that each month market share targets can be measured against a specific goal. Achievable Are the objectives you set, achievable to be able to carry on your business plan, an example for this would be over a period of time such as one year 12 months you need to be able to know does the company have the resources, man power and finances to achieve the goal. Realistic Can you realistically achieve the objectives with the resources you have such as space finance and staff and equipment, and does the company need more time than 1 mouths to get to the standard that the owner want. Time- this would mean when you want to set a time for the objectives and aims that you have set yourself and the marketing there need to be a date and able to make it specific and achievable, such as some business set a 12 month business plan to achieve these goals. Marketing objectives should be based on understanding your strengths and weaknesses, and the business environment you operate in. They should also be linked to your overall business strategy for example if the business id doing well and the sales increase by 15% in the last year then you should set a business plan that will help boost encourage the market sales further for example leading out a new product or different advertising to appeal more the customers. This should follow the SMART rules. For Cadburys cream egg i would need to use SMART to make my business plan specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timed, for example mine would be to boost market sales by 20% in 6 months by April 1st, i will do this by creating a new angle for the cream egg and make the advertising the product in a new way and maybe reshaping the product, for example such as Kellogg’s Special K they reinvented this product by advertising it so it would be a new slimming product it was targeted at women middle aged women as these area of people are the most likely to buy the product, this was effective and is now a top seller cereal. This is Realistic as i will have the eight resources and the finances to do this goal, this objective will be finished in 6 months time on the 1st of April 2012.