'American Temperance Society\r'

'The American somberness Society (ATS), first kn let as the American Society for the Promotion of Temperance, was established in capital of Massachusetts, mama on February 13, 1826. The organization was co-founded by cardinal Presbyterian rectors, Dr. Justin Edwards and the better-known Lyman Beecher. * Formation of the American Temperance Society attach the beginning of the first formal national relief movement in the US.\r\n* The Temperance Movement was an nonionic effort during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to prepare or outlaw the consumption and production of modify beverages in the United expresss. By the mid 1830s, more(prenominal) than 200,000 people belonged to this organization. The American Temperance Society publish tracts and hired speakers to depict the negative effects of alcoholic drink upon people. Lyman Beecher was a prominent theologian, educator and reformer in the age before the American Civil War.\r\n* Lyman Beecher was a prominent theologian, educator and reformer in the days before the American Civil War. Beecher was born(p)(p) in 1775, in revolutionary-sprung(prenominal) Haven, Connecticut. He graduated from Yale College in 1797 and was ordained in the Presbyterian Church in 1799. He became a minister in Long Island, bleak York.\r\nIn 1810, he accepted a part as minister in Litchfield, Connecticut. He became puff up known for his fiery sermons once against intemperance and slavery. In 1826, he resigned his position in Litchfield and accepted a recent ace(a) in Boston, Massachusetts. By this point, his reputation had give out across the United States. The church in Boston had more money to pay a minister of his standing. It also had a much larger congregation. In 1830, Beechers church caught fire. A merchant who rented nigh entourage in the church stored whisky in the basement. The whiskey nearhow ignited.\r\nBeecher took this as a personal displease considering the sermons he delivered in t he churchs sanctuary against the evils of liquor. Neal Dow, temperance reformer, born in Portland, Maine, 20 March 1804. He is of booster parentage, attended the Friends academy in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and was instruct in mercantile and manufacturing pursuits. He was chief plan of the Portland fire department in 1839, and in 1851 and again in 1854 was elected mayor of the City.\r\nHe became the angiotensin-converting enzyme of the project for the prohibition of the liquor traffic, which was first advocated y pile Appleton in his report to the Maine legislature in 1837, and in various speeches while a portion of that body. * Through Mr. Dows efforts, while he was mayor, the Maine liquor law, prohibiting low severe penalties the cut-rate sale of intoxicating beverages, was passed in 1851. after drafting the bill, which he called â€Å"A bill for the crushing of drinking houses and tippling shops,” he submitted it to the principal friends of temperance in the City , but they all objected to its radical character, as sure to insure its defeat.\r\nIt provided for the search of places where it was suspected that liquors intended for sale were kept, for the seizure, condemnation, and confiscation of such liquors, if found; and for the punishment of the persons retentivity them by fine and imprisonment. Maine Law of 1851, The law was oblige into existence by the mayor of Portland, Neal S. Dow. Its passage disallow the sale of alcohol except for medical or manufacturing purposes. By 1855, there were 12 states in the U. S who joined Maine in what became known as the â€Å"dry” states.\r\nAnd the states which allowed alcohol were dubbed â€Å"wet” states. †The act was very less-traveled among more working class people and m whatsoever immigrants. That is when opposition to the law turned deadly by June 2, 1855 in Portland, Maine. It was rumored that Neal S. Dow was keeping a vast tack on of alcohol within the city while deny ing it to the citizens of Portland. He was then called the â€Å"Napoleon of Temperance,” and to others, an unadulterated hypocrite. The alcohol which was allowed into Portland was conjectural to be used for medicinal and mechanical reasons were set at about $1,600.\r\nIt was distributed to stretchs and pharmacists as authorized by the Maine law. †The Irish immigrant population of Portland, Maine was vocal critics of the Maine Law. They saw it as a thinly disguised attack on their culture based on stereotypes. The Irish corporation already distrusted Neal S. Dow. The Maine law that Dow sponsored had a mechanism whereby any three voters could apply for a search undertake based on suspicion of someone illegally selling liquor. ” The Father of American Education”,” Horace Mann, was born in Franklin, Massachusetts, in 1796.\r\nManns prepareing consisted only of legal brief and erratic periods of eight to ten weeks a year. Mann improve himself-import ance by reading ponderous volumes from the Franklin Town Library. This self study, combined with the fruits of a brief period of canvas with an intinerant school master, was sufficient to gain him admission to the sophomore class of Brown University in 1816″ (4, Cremin). He went on to study law at Litchfield Law enlighten and finally received admission to the bar in 1823 (15, Filler). In the year 1827 Mann won a put in the state legislature and in 1833 ran for State Senate and won. Horace Mann felt that a green school would be the â€Å"great equalizer. ”\r\nPoverty would to the highest degree assuredly leave as a broadened popular intelligence tapped new treasures of natural and material wealth. He felt that by education crime would decline sharply as would a host of moral vices like ferocity and fraud. In sum, there was no end to the neighborly good which might be derived from a common school -In 1848 Mann resigned as Secretary of Education and went on to t he U. S. House of Representatives and then took the post of President of Antioch College in 1852.\r\nHe stayed at the college until his death in exalted 27, 1859. Two months before that he had given his own valedictory in a final mention to the graduating class; ” I beseech you to treasure up in your hearts these my parting words: Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for Humanity” (27, Cremin). †Mann had won his victory as the public school soon stood as one of the characteristic features of American life †A â€Å" wellspring” of freedom and a â€Å"ladder of opportunity” for millions. William McGuffey, U. S. educator remembered chiefly for his series of elementary readers.\r\nMcGuffey taught in the Ohio bound schools and then at Miami University (1826 †36). His elementary school series, scratch line with The Eclectic First Reader, was create between 1836 and 1857. Collections of informative tales, aphorisms, and excerpts f rom great books, the readers reflect McGuffeys view that the proper education of young people required their introduction to a wide variety of topics and practical matters. They became standard texts in nearly all states for the next 50 historic period and sold more than 125 million copies.\r\nIn these years McGuffey also served as president of Cincinnati College (1836 †39) and of Ohio University, capital of Greece (1839 †43). He was a founder of the common school system of Ohio. In 1845 he was elected to the tame of mental and moral philosophy at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, a position he held until his death. Noah Webster published his first vocabulary of the position dustup in 1806, and in 1828 published the first edition of his An American Dictionary of the side of meat Language. The work came out in 1828 in 2 volumes.\r\nIt contained 12,000 words and from 30,000 to 40,000 definitions that had not appeared in any before dictionary. In 1840 the s econd edition, corrected and enlarged, came out, in two volumes. He completed the revision of an appendix a few days before his death, which occurred in New Haven on the 28th of May 1843. * Webster changed the recite of many words in his dictionaries in an start to make them more phonetic. Many of the differences between American English and other English variants evident straightaway originated this way.\r\nThe modern convention of having only one agreeable and correct spelling for a word is repayable mostly to the efforts of Webster, in standardizing spelling. Prior to this, the popular impression toward spelling might have best been summed up by Benjamin Franklin who said that he â€Å"had no use for a man with but one spelling for a word. ” * produced his own modern English translation of the Bible in 1833. Though an exquisite and highly accurate translation, Webster’s Bible was not widely accepted, due to the continued popularity of the ancient business le ader James version.\r\nIt was, however, was the most significant English language translation of the scriptures to be done since the King James version of more than 200 years earlier. bloody shame Lyon, American educator, founder of Mt. Holyoke College, b. Buckland, Mass. She attended three academies in Massachusetts; later she taught at Ashfield, Mass. , Londonderry, N. H. , and Ipswich, Mass. Interested in promoting the higher education of women, she won the aid of several(prenominal) influential men and succeeded (1837) in establishing Mt. Holyoke womanly Seminary (later Mt. Holyoke College) at South Hadley, Mass. She served as principal for 12 years, directional the development of a well-rounded college program and accenting the principle of service to others.\r\nEmma Willard, Educator. Born Emma Hart on February 23, 1787, in Berlin, Connecticut. Emma Willard is remembered for her trailblazing efforts on behalf of women’s education. Raised by a father who, while a fa rmer, encourage her to read and think for herself, she attended a local academy rom 1802 to 1804 and then began teaching. †In 1807 Emma Willard went to Middlebury, Vermont to fountainhead a female academy there. Two years later she married a local doctor named John Willard. She opened her own school, the Middlebury Female Seminary, in 1814 to provide modern education that young women were denied by colleges.\r\nHer Address… Proposing a Plan for Improving Female Education (1819) was a much admired and influential proposal to get public support for advanced education for young women. Emma Willard moved to Troy, New York, in 1821, where she opened the Troy Female Seminary. (It was renamed the Emma Willard School in 1895. ) With both boarding and day students, in some respects it was the first U. S. institution of serious information for young women, though even it recognized that most of its graduates would be housewives, not professionals, and most of its students came from families of means. The school in reality made a profit, and she also earned money from the textbooks she wrote.\r\n'