Physics and Science

Of course, nuclear explosions, power sources, lawlessness of computers and lasers, new materials show that the localize of interest of scientists extends further intimately beyond the fragments of the last century. However overact take in of the scientist, and the whole recognition tenacious. Although little bath be so remote from the truth as painting created impressionable and ardent poet. Even when Mayakovsky wrote his verse, and in intelligence and roughly Shakespe bes dramas quite scale.To be unders in any cased correctly, I should an nonating that the question To be or non to be as apply to humanity and not the individual, though considerable, was first gear raised by physicists on the justton and on the achievements of natural philosophy. Its not by chance that for about three centuries were pronounced by the science. mess involved in it, opened and opened the entire laws of spirit that define the structure and movement of material objects in a large che at of distances, epoch and mass. Ranges of these extensive from the sm e precise(prenominal), atomic and subatomic to the cosmic and universal.Of course, this is not natural philosophy said Let in that location be unused, nevertheless they found its nature and properties, set contrast to the darkness, and invite learned to get off them. In its work, physical science, crucially the largest of them, support developed a certain expression of thinking, the main elements of which is the bequeathingness to confide on well-tested, primordial laws and the ability of a complicated nature, and the public, a phenomenon spotlight the main element, as simple as possible, that allows us to understand the rattling manifold phenomenon under consideration.These features allow physicists approach very successfully deal with problems often lie off the beaten track(predicate) beyond their specialization. trust in the unity of the laws of nature, based on extensive experimental mate rial, boldness in their fairness, coupled with a clear understanding of the limitations of the applicability of vivacious laws physics pushes forward, abroad unknown today. Physics the science is complicated. It requires a skunk of intellectual effort from the people who do it. It is incompatible with the amateurish.I remember how, at the end of the University and the Shipbuilding Institute in 1958, I was standing at the crossroads where to go next. And my richher, very far from science, asked me if I could go gage to engineering after a dozen geezerhood of studying physics. My solution was an unqualified yes. In physics, after ten age of engineering? , He said. My no and identified a further choice, which is not sorry and I do not regret a second. The complexity of physics and the prominent(p)ness of its results that create a telecasting of the world and encourage the spread of its ideas far beyond most of this science in the public interest to her.I will progress some of these ideas, in the order received. This is a scientific (not regretful ) Atomism, the opening of the electromagnetic welkin, the mechanised guess of heat, the establishment of the relativity of space and time, the concept of an expanding universe, and quantum leaps in principle, not because of the error, the probabilistic nature of the somatic processes in the first place, the micro- level, the grand unification of all interactions, establishing the existence of not like a shot observable subatomic particles quarks.Here and then there be popular passwords that atomic number 18 designed not to teach physics beginners, and explain her interest. There is other purpose of popular books, including the very well-known to people of my generation is entertain Physics Yakov Perelman, not relative ME Perelman. I am referring to a notification of how much things in everyday bread and butter, familiar to us technique and technology, iodin can understand qualitatively, b ased only on the well-known fundamental laws of physics in the first place the law of conservation of zip fastener and momentum, and the confidence that they are universally applicable.Objects of the laws of physics are vast. wherefore not pour water into the boiling oil, wherefore stars twinkle in the sky, wherefore is twisted water, emerging from the bathroom, why crack the whip and why the driver spins it over his head, to enhance the sound of the click, why ever would try to offset off the rail locomotives, but never make it electric? Why roars menacingly approaching plane and moving away, he moves to a falsetto, and why dancers or figure skaters begin to spin, throwing open wide arms, but then quickly pressed his hands to the body?Of the why of each in everyday encounters, not to mention not everyday life in abundance. They may be useful to learn to see, train yourself to find incomprehensible. Books by E. Perelman contain a record number of much(prenominal) questions why? (Five hundred), give them the answers, in most cases definitely right, sometimes beckoning to the discussion, occasionally probably incorrect, evoke disagreement. There are questions that science has to date simple and generally genuine answer. Hence, the reader is room for an intense intellectual work. Along the way, the author explains the ell-known professionals to but less severe confusion among outsiders. That is, the author emphasizes the operational nature of many an(prenominal) of the definitions in such a universally recognized exact science like physics. Professionals know that even the most fundamental of concepts, which operates physics, such as time and energy, space and momentum adjusted as further victimisation of science itself. Even the vacuum, once the analogue of absolute emptiness, lack of anything was self-evident in the empty space in time overgrown representation non-trivial features of the primitive raises complex object of study.Versatility p hysical approach dictates a standardized attitude to the definitions of non-trivial concepts and other areas that are very far from physics. Read books mentioned ME Perelman arouse and professionals to argue, to find other, allowing a simple, sometimes graphic, explaining the issue. But a layman can expand your horizons, not necessarily rushing to their own, different from the author, explanation. It is worth memory board that the writing verbal impression, often greatly simplified, with sometimes very complex physical concepts, based on a far from trivial in the everyday sense of the physical surmise.No need to follow the example of the authorized character, the director of one of the capital of the Russian Federation Research Institute who denied particular theory of relativity (general he chityval ) Because the formula is the speed of light What would happen if the light off? Wrote in the science department of the Central Committee of the CPSU gray gunmaker. find outing physics, beginning to understand its laws, shall be attached to the special beauty, there is actually an extra dimension to the perception of the surrounding world.This was written when the great physicist Richard Feynman, noting that understanding the nature of the glow of stars, the mechanism of their birth and death makes the picture night sky even more fine and romantic. I wish, in conclusion, to mention one, a few unexpected side benefit of fellowship of physics, though by no means superficial. About him once told schoolman Migdal. It lights up in the mountains and attractions nearby couple. The young man explained his pleasant companion, why daytime sky is blue.He told her about the scattering of light, referred to Lord theoretical Rayleigh. The daughter was sitting with his mouth open, looking admiringly at the scholar. But of the bore, and he, demonstrate carelessness and inattention to a senior, said that the prospect of scattering of beam is proportional to the c ube of the frequence. Migdal but was already on the alert. Remembering a classic, it is appropriate only in a very weakened form, say, perhaps, schoolman in thought, under the night darkness, mouth kiss the bride. Young man, the probability of scattering can not be proportional to the cube of the absolute frequency it would clearly be contrary to the invariance of the theory with respect to time reversal. The relay, as it should be, the probability is not proportional to the cube, and the fourth power of the frequency In his usual tone, dogmatic said Migdal. Needless to say, that triangle changes shape, and the fat was cathetus hypotenuse, reaching the top. In short, read about physics and who is not too late learn it. It will pay off. Physics in MedicineMedical physics the science of the system, which consists of the physical devices and radiation, medical examination diagnostic equipment and technology. The purpose of medical physics the study of these systems for preven tion and diagnosis, and sermon of patients using the methods and tools of physics, mathematics and engineering. Nature of the sickness and the mechanism of recovery in many cases have biophysical explanation. Medical physicists are directly involved in clinical processes, combining physical and medical knowledge, sharing with the doctor responsible for the patient.The development of medical specialty and physics have always been closely intertwined. Even in ancient times euphony used for medicinal purposes physical factors such as heat, cold, sound, light, and various mechanical actions (Hippocrates, Avicenna and others). First medical physicist, Leonardo da Vinci (five hundred years ago), who conducted the study of mechanics of movement of the human body. The most prolific medicine and physics were to interact with the end of the XVIII cardinal centuries. , When they were discovered electrical energy and electromagnetic waves, that is, with the advent of electricity.To name a few names of great scientists who have made important discoveries in different epochs. End of XIX the middle of the 20th century. connected with the discovery of X-rays, radioactivity, theories of atomic structure, electromagnetic radiation. These discoveries are associated with the names of C. Roentgen, Becquerel, M. Sklodowska-Curie, D. Thomson, Planck, Bohr, Einstein, Rutherford. Medical physics has truly establish itself as an sovereign science and profession only in the second half of the twentieth century. With the advent of the atomic age.In medicine, have been widely used radiodiagnostic gamma apparatus, electronic and proton accelerators radiodiagnostic gamma camera, CT scanners, and others, hyperthermia and magnetic therapy, laser, ultrasound, and other medical and physical techniques and instruments. Medical physics has many sections and titles medical radiation physics, clinical physics, physics oncology, therapeutic and diagnostic physics. The most important event in the field of medical examination may be the creation of CT scanners, which have broadened the study of almost all organs and systems of the human body.OCT have been installed in hospitals around the world, and a large number of physicists, engineers and doctors worked on improving techniques and methods of obstetrical delivery it almost to the limits of the possible. The development of nuclear medicine is a combination of methods and physical methods radiofarmatsevtiki registration of ionizing radiation. Positron-emission tomography imaging was invented in 1951 and published in the piece of music of Rennes. Physics and literature In life, sometimes without realizing it, physics and literature are closely intertwined.Ever since ancient times, people in order to convey to descendants literary word, used the invention, based on knowledge of physics. On the life of the German inventor Johannes Gutenberg is little. However, the great inventor, to convey to us the literary masterpiec es canvass the laws of physics and mechanics. Organized them in printing, he published the first book in Europe, which has played an important role in human development. The first Russian printer Ivan Fedorov, was known to contemporaries as a scientist and inventor.For example, he was able to cast cannon invented multilateral mortar. A first unusual images of the literary and art of printing The Apostle (1564) and Chasovnikov (1565) will remain forever in peoples memory. The name of Mikhail Lomonosov we call one of the first in the series of the most remarkable representatives of the national science and culture. The great physicist, he left a number of works that are important for the industrial development of Russia. A large part of his scientific work took optics. He manufactured optical instruments and original mirror telescopes.Exploring the sky with their instruments, inspired by the infinite universe, Lomonosov wrote beautiful poetry Opened an abyss full of stars. The st ars of not, the abyss the bottom Without such a science as physics would not be a literary genre as science fiction. One of the founders of the genre was the french source Jules Verne (1828 1905 gg. ) Inspired by the great discoveries of the XIX century, the famous writer surrounded physics glamor. All of his book From the Earth to the Moon (1865), The Children of sea captain Grant (1867-68 gg. ), 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1869-70 gg. , The Mysterious Island (1875 . ) are imbued with the romance of this science. In turn, many inventors and designers inspired the incredible adventures of heroes of Jules Verne. For example, the Swiss scientist physicist Auguste Piccard, like repeating the cart track of fantastic characters he invented climbed into the stratosphere stratosphere, making the first step towards uncovering the mysteries of cosmic rays. The next fad A. Piccard was the idea of the conquest of the sea depths. The inventor himself sinking feeling to the sea floor and to build them bathyscaphe (1948).For about 160 years ago in Notes of the Fatherland published Letters on the Study of Nature (1844 1845). Herzen one of the most important and original works in the history of philosophy as well as natural science, Russian thought. Revolutionary, philosopher, author of one of the masterpieces of classical Russian literature works My one-time(prenominal) and Thoughts Herzen, however, was keenly interested in the natural sciences, including physics, he has repeatedly accentuate in his writings. Now you need to turn to the literary heritage of Tolstoy.First, because the great writer was a teacher the practice, and second, that his works relate to the natural sciences. best(p) known for the comedy The Fruits of Enlightenment. The writer is extremely negative attitude to all kinds of superstitions, he believed that they hamper and hinder the true teaching it to penetrate into the soul of the people. Tolstoy understand the role of science in society first, he was a supporter of the organization of society on sound science, and second, it makes a tendinous emphasis on the moral ethical standards, and because of this science in the treatment of Tolstoy are secondary science .That is why Tolstoy ridiculed in Fruits of Enlightenment Moscow gentry in the heads of which are mixed science and Antiscience. I must(prenominal) say that at the time of Tolstoy on the one hand that time, physics is in deep crisis due to the experimental verification of the main tenets of the theory of the electromagnetic field, which disproved the hypothesis of the existence of Maxwells world ether, that is, the physical environment, which transmits electromagnetic interactionsOf course, nuclear explosions, power sources, lawlessness of computers and lasers, new materials show that the focus of interest of scientists extends far beyond the fragments of the last century. However overact image of the scientist, and the whole science tenacious. Al though little can be so far from the truth as painting created impressionable and ardent poet. Even when Mayakovsky wrote his verse, and in science and around Shakespeares dramas quite scale.To be understood correctly, I should note that the question To be or not to be as applied to humanity and not the individual, though considerable, was first raised by physicists precisely and on the achievements of physics. Its not by chance that for about three centuries were marked by the science. People involved in it, opened and opened the fundamental laws of nature that determine the structure and movement of material objects in a large range of distances, time and mass. Ranges of these great from the small, atomic and subatomic to the cosmic and universal.Of course, this is not physics said Let there be light, but they found its nature and properties, set contrast to the darkness, and have learned to manage them. In its work, physics, crucially the largest of them, have developed a certai n way of thinking, the main elements of which is the willingness to rely on well-tested, fundamental laws and the ability of a complex nature, and the public, a phenomenon highlight the main element, as simple as possible, that allows us to understand the very complex phenomenon under consideration.