Fitts and Posners Phases of Learning Essay Example for Free

Fitts and Posners Phases of Learning EssayDescribe Fitts and Posners phases of erudition and beg off how you would structure practises to enhance a arrangeanceIn this essay I result explain Fitts and Posners phases of learning and how I would structure practises to enhance performance.By practising a skill we seat forward become better. Fitts and Posner theories were that e rattling whizz has to go finished tips of learning, known as the cognitive, associable and independent constitutes of learning. Depending how good a person is at a special sport, they will fall divulge into a certain category. An guinea pig of this is Wayne Rovirtuosoy. At a young age he was introduced to football game and played amateur football from a young age, becoming one of the youngest strikers in football history.However by learning a skill in sport involves the development of skills by practice. An specimen of this is shooting practise you ground live only become good by practisin g to kick the ball in between goalposts. Until a person becomes confident enough that they tote up a goal, they will naturally fall into the next category.The three stages of learning can be divided into two main categories associationists and cognitivists. Associationists views learning of a sport as the consociate of particular stimulus and particular responses. Cognitivists see it as a assist of the brain, where we learn through the understanding and knowledge of the sport.There be 3 stages of learning according to Fitts and Posner. They argonCognitivevAssociativevAutonomousCognitiveThis is the initial stage of learning and is substantial if the learner is to process successful through the other stages and is to move a stage where the skill can be performed.The cognitive stage involves formation of a mental picture of a skill. The most in force(p) way is from a demonstration, which allows them to see the key requirements and to work through the performance mentally. Visual guidance is one of the best ways to make others understand, and so that the person learning can see the correct manner to perform the skill. They will then attempt to perform.Success rate is usually 2/3 out of 10. The cognitive stage initially concentrates more on the skill, rather than the game. There is a lack of tick off and consistency. Trial and error is also a key way to learn. Reinforcement of this can be by giving positive feedback.Questions will arise when learning skills of a sport if the skill is non justly learnt. The learner will be confronted with virtually precise specific, cognitively oriented problems. Examples of this are, How do I score? What is the aim of this game? If so, where are the positions for players? If the mental picture is non correct the skill will not develop. It is important that the train explains very thoroughly what is required of each athlete.AssociativeLearning at the associative stage path that the skill is becoming more consistent, b ut there are still whatever errors. The simple element of the skill has been grasped however the performer still refers back to the mental picture. The performer can begin to detect errors and begin to realise his/her mistakes. Feedback should kick upstairs a feeling of a well performed skill. This means that the performer will begin to enjoy the sport. Success rate is 5/7 out of 10. vocal guidance is essential as it is used in the associative stage.Some people never snuff it this phase. An example of this is a semi-professional shot-put thrower. Some performers return to the cognitive stage to refer to the mental image of the skill. Also, some professional players return from autonomous stage to the associative stage if they have an injury they posit to work hard and rise up to the expected standard of an autonomous performer.AutonomousLearning at the autonomous stage is where the skill is done without conscious thought. The movements of the performer are fluent, consistent a nd athletically pleasing. There is an advanced stage of learning where the elements of the skill have become part of long term memory and are mechanically produced in response to a an appropriate stimulus.The skill is automatic. The attention of the performer focuses on the next movement, for example tactics. Consistent practise is required to reinforce creation at the autonomous stage.Success rate is 9/10 out of 10. In lawn tennis for example a player would be able to perform a serve whilst contemplating what their opponent will do next, rather than being focusing on the practiced side of the serve.Not all performers reach the autonomous stage in all skills. For those who do, if practise is not maintained revision to the associative stage will occur. Closed skills such as throwing events can be finely tuned so that a high level of performance can be produced.Learning in its simplest form is the development of a position where we coin bank perform a skill to a stage where we can perform it.Knapp, 1973The quote means that learning is a more or less indissoluble change in performance brought about by experience. Knapp is suggesting that once something is learnt, it remains with us, thus supporting the narrationOnce you learn to ride a bike, you never forget.Learning in sport involves the development of skills through practice, hence the sayingPractice makes perfect.Fitts Posner recognised that as we learn, we do not move directly from cant to can. They suggest that the learning process is sequential we move through specific stages/phases as we learn.These stages are hierarchal, in other words each stage must be passed through in the first place the next one is achieved.Ivan Pavlov was a scientist who conducted experiments on the response of dogs. He taught them that when a bell was rung, the dogs would learn to understand that it was time to eat. These findings link into Fitts and Posners phases of learning because a particular response with a stimulus can give a long benefit to sports performances. This approach can be used to mentally prepare the athlete for the sport. The player whitethorn be taught switching into the zone whilst walking onto the pitch. However in order to achieve this, the player would need to gradually progress to that level of conditioned stimulus.In order to teach and improve somebodys skills at a sport, I would structure a 6 week Personal Exercise Programme (or pep). A PEP would help improve the skill of the performer, and help the learner to enhance their performance. This way the performer can interrogation to see how long it takes him to master one specific skill. As a trainer I would encourage the performer and give feedback and give a clear understanding to the performer what they are doing right and defame. Doing something wrong doesnt mean its negative feedback it would just acknowledge the performer on how to improve, becoming more successful. I would tell that the performer practices the skil l consistently and monitor any improvements in their ability.In a professional football match I would help keep the players to the standard that is required by making them do drills as a team. Warm-ups are essential as they prevent muscles getting damaged. I would also make authorized that the stamina of the players is always high this can be achieved by the Cooper run.In a tennis match the athlete must be able to complete a full match. There are no substitutions so the athletes stamina must be high. By hitting a ball for a long period of time every other turn there must be a large amount of upper body strength. In order to help the athlete achieve this, the coach should set the athlete material training such as sprints, press-up, sit-ups and bicep curls. Technique is needed when serving, volleying as being able to take for balance quickly is essential. An example of this is Andre Agassi.he focused more on physical conditioning than in the past and became one of the fittest playe rs on the tour. His upper-body strength allowed him to bench press 350 lb (159 kg), which helped him retain pace on his shots late into a match, as well as adding to his serve power. He had remarkable endurance and rarely appeared tired on court.Golf is a sport where the athlete has to be very concentrated on the game. Having a perfect technique allows one to compete to a high level. In order to help raise concentration levels the coach must remove all apprehension and put the athlete in a confident frame of mind. To help an athlete raise concentration before a game the coach could give the athlete a structured diet. Junk food will slow down the concentration rate. Tiger Woods had a bad putting strike so he went home and perfected it.Well, thats one of the worst putting weeks Ive had in a long time, very frustrating. When I get home I am going to practise until I get it right.References* in advance(p) P.E for Edexcel Heinemann* http//nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/pavl ov/readmore.html.* http//www.answers.com/topic/andre-agassi* http//www.asapsports.com/show_interview.php?id=410149